1,721,031 research outputs found
The Web Science Observatory
No full textTo understand and enable the evolution of the Web and to help address grand societal challenges, the Web must be observable at scale across space and time. That requires a globally distributed and collaborative Web Observatory
Network Science, Web Science, and Internet Science
Full text linkIn this paper, we examine the fields of Network Science, Web Science and Internet Science. All three areas are interdisciplinary, and since the Web is based on the Internet, and both the Web and the Internet are networks, there is perhaps confusion about the relationship between them. We study the extent of overlap and ask whether one includes the others, or whether they are all part of the same larger domain. This paper provides an account of the emergence of each of these areas and outlines a framework for comparison. Based on this framework, we discuss these overlaps and propose directions for harmonization of research activities
Web Science: understanding the emergence of macro-level features on the World Wide Web
No full textIn this monograph we consider the development of Web Science since the launch of this journal and its inaugural publication ‘A Framework for Web Science’. The theme of emergence is discussed as the characteristic phenomenon of Web-scale applications, where many unrelated micro-level actions and decisions, uninformed by knowledge about the macro-level, still produce noticeable and coherent effects at the scale of the Web. A model of emergence is mapped onto the multitheoretical multilevel (MTML) model of communication networks of Monge and Contractor. Four specific types of theoretical problem are outlined. First, there is the need to explain local action. Second, the global patterns that form when local actions are repeated at scale have to be detected and understood. Third, those patterns feed back into the local, with intricate and often fleeting causal connections to be traced. Finally, as Web Science is an engineering discipline, issues of control of this feedback must be addressed. The idea of a social machine is introduced, where networked interactions at scale can help to achieve goals for people and social groups in civic society; an important aim of Web Science is to understand how such networks can operate, and how they can control the effects they produce on their own environment
Communicating shared vision in a scientific research organization
No full textA wide body of organizational and leadership literature suggests that individuals develop shared interpretations about organizational vision which facilitate shared attitudes and coordinated behavior. From an interpretive, communication perspective social interaction facilitates shared organizational meanings which underlie consensual attitudes and collective action. Within the context of a scientific research organization technical and project leadership, cohesive or structurally equivalent communication relationships, involvement in invisible colleges through professional activities, and shared demographic characteristics are essential for the development of shared meanings which stimulate unified attitudes and collaborative behaviors among professionals. This study adopts a semantic network approach and relies on observational, interview, and survey data collected from members of a European scientific research center to test the loci and outcomes of shared organizational vision. The first stage of analysis tests the loci of actual and perceived shared vision including leadership (positional, task, and visionary), communication (professional, personal, and external), professional activities (professional association memberships and journal readership), and demographic characteristics. The second stage of analysis tests the outcomes of shared vision and relates all the above factors to attitudinal outcomes (work group coordination and cohesion, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and internal work motivation), and behavioral outcomes (joint projects, joint work produced, and multi-disciplinary work produced). The results indicate that although only external communication significantly influenced members' overall actual shared vision, a number of variables significantly influenced members' individual vision-themes of moving beyond French nationalism, engaging in interdisciplinary exchange and collaboration, doing parallel computing and supercomputing, and establishing a unique, state-of-the-art Center. Additionally, members' perceptions of shared vision were significantly influenced by format and task leadership, direct communication, professional activities, and work group membership. The results indicate that although the degree of actual shared vision did not significantly influence members' attitudes or behaviors, members' perceptions of shared vision significantly influenced their attitudes about work group coordination, work group cohesion, organizational commitment, pay satisfaction, social satisfaction, and supervisory satisfaction; as well as their collaborative behavior, including joint projects, joint works, and multi-disciplinary works produced. Finally, a number of other leadership, communication, professional activity, and demographic factors significantly influenced members' attitudes and behaviors.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T11:54:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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How Co-creation Processes Unfold and Predict Submission Quality in Crowd-based Open Innovation
Full text linkCrowd-based open innovation communities have received increasing attention, based on the premise that leveraging the power and diversity of the crowd can lead to innovative outcomes. However, we still know little about how work is coordinated over time
Mining for Gold Farmers: Automatic Detection of Deviant Players in MMOGs
No full textGold farming refers to the illicit practice of gathering and selling virtual goods in online games for real money. Although around one million gold farmers engage in gold farming related activities , to date a systematic study of identifying gold farmers has not been done. In this paper we use data from the Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (MMO) EverQuest II to identify gold farmers. We pose this as a binary classification problem and identify a set of features for classification purpose. Given the cost associated with investigating gold farmers, we also give criteria for evaluating gold farming detection techniques, and provide suggestions for future testing and evaluation techniques.Keegan, Brian; Srivastava, Jaideep; Williams, Dmitri; Contractor, Noshir. (2009). Mining for Gold Farmers: Automatic Detection of Deviant Players in MMOGS. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/215803
Expressions of uncertainty in online science communication hinder information diffusion
No full textDespite the importance of transparent communication of uncertainty surrounding scientific findings, there are concerns that communicating uncertainty might damage the public perception and dissemination of science. Yet, a lack of empirical research on the potential impact of uncertainty communication on the diffusion of scientific findings poses challenges in assessing such claims. We studied the effect of uncertainty in a field study and a controlled experiment. In Study 1, a natural language processing analysis of over 2 million social media (Twitter/X) messages about scientific findings revealed that more uncertain messages were shared less often. Study 2 replicated this pattern using an experimental design where participants were presented with large-language-model (LLM)-generated high- and low-uncertainty messages. These results underscore the role of uncertainty in the dissemination of scientific findings and inform the ongoing debates regarding the benefits and the risks of uncertainty in science communication
Why Would You Save Your Files in a Group Folder?---Motivations for Information Sharing Through Digital Repositories in Project Groups
No full textThe major theoretical contributions of this study are: (i) extending research on knowledge networks by incorporation of non-human agents, adaptation of theories that were previously applied only to human-to-human context to human-to-non-human interaction context, and applying the MTML perspective to the explanation of knowledge allocation behaviors; (ii) explicating the nuances of explanatory power of multiple theories in a model, by taking into account the influence of organizational context. The main practical contributions are: (i) to help small groups design digital repositories so as to achieve their potential as shared resources; (ii) to help the management proactively design and implement desirable combinations of contextual factors in order to facilitate information sharing.Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T16:04:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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E-mail and Direct Participation in Decision Making: A Literature Review
Full text linkThis paper reviews the literature on the effects of the use of e-mail on direct participation in decision making (PDM) in organisations. After a brief review of the organisational literature on participation the paper distinguishes e-mail theories on direct participation in three different theoretical perspectives. Then the paper focuses the attention on the role of e-mail in affecting task type, vertical and horizontal communication and their consequences for PDM. Finally the paper presents indications and open questions for future research.email, e-mail, decision making, participation in decision making, literature review,
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