57 research outputs found
EC-AFM investigation of reversible volume changes with electrode potential in polyaniline
No full textThe volume changes in electrochemically deposited polyaniline (PANI) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) in SO42− and Cl− medium along with PANI microtubules and nanowires in SO42− medium were investigated by electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM). Volume expansion was observed in the oxidized state with contraction in the reduced state due to the movement of solvated anions inside the polymer matrix during the oxidation process and its expulsion during the reduction process. Reversible volume changes with changing electrochemical potential were observed in case of microtubules and nanowires. To observe the effect of large counter anion, EC-AFM studies of volume changes with electrode potential in polyaniline modified with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PANI–PSS) nanowires were performed in SO42− medium. The changes were found to be more than 33% and in the reverse direction in this case due to presence of larger immobile PSS anion in the polymer matrix with volume changes predominantly due to movement of solvated H+ ions inside the polymer matrix during the reduction process. To further support our observations we performed the in situ electrochemical synthesis of PANI nanoparticles on HOPG inside AFM electrochemical cell and monitored its volume changes with electrode potential using EC-AFM. The volume changes in these nanoparticles could be clearly observed with variation in percentage changes between 17.5% and 89.8%.© Elsevie
Morphological changes with electrode potential in microtubules and nanowires of Polyaniline: an in-situ EC-AFM study
No full textPolyaniline (PANI) changes its conformation and conductivity on alteration of its electrochemical state. In the present work, we have studied the morphological changes with electrode potential in microtubules and nanowires of PANI using in-situ electrochemical AFM (EC-AFM). About 15 to 20% change in dimensions was observed on changing the electrochemical state in H2SO4 as the electrolyte. Such changes in microtubules and nanowires of PANI may find useful applications in actuation and sensing
Clean energy
No full textA significant source of air
pollution, so visible in our
urban centers, is emissions
from motorized vehicles.
This article describes a
clean energy approach to
vehicular transport. Solar
energy can be harnessed to
produce hydrogen, which can
be converted to electricity
on-demand to drive electric
vehicles
Author Correction:A cattle graph genome incorporating global breed diversity
No full textThe original version of this Article omitted from the author list the 12th and 13th authors Dennis Muhanguzi and Wilson Amanyire, who are from the ‘School of Biosecurity, Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences (SBLS), College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda’. Consequently, the final sentence of the Author Contributions incorrectly read ‘D.W., P.T., E.A.J.C., C.E., E.T.O., E.R.A., A. Tijjani, K.M., A.F., B.R.F., A.Q., U.C. and P.W. provided samples and expertise for the studies’. This has been replaced with ‘D.W., P.T., W.A., D.M., E.A.J.C., C.E., E.T.O., E.R.A., A. Tijjani, K.M., A.F., B.R.F., A.Q., U.C. and P.W. provided samples and expertise for the studies’. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article
A comparative potentiostatic study of the electrocrystallization of PbO2 on platinum and glassy carbon electrodes
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Effect of the temperature of synthesis on the conductivity and electrochemical behaviour of polyaniline
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Building on Experiences: The Hospital Stakeholder Participation Method
No full textRoyal Haskoning BM (healthcare department at Hoofddorp)* operates actively in the healthcare market, designing and consulting within care housing projects. Anticipating changes in the healthcare sector, Royal Haskoning foresees a strategic value that could profit the contractor by involving hospital stakeholders (employees, visitors and patients) in the early stage of the design phase of hospital building projects. User participation in architecture has been implemented but to a limited extent. Compared to user participation in product design, the involvement has many shortcomings, e.g. the user group of patients and visitors has never been involved, the stakeholders were only involved in the evaluative end phase of the building design process and there was often a mismatch in communications between hospital stakeholders and architects. In order to enable the design team (the architects) to benefit from the hospital stakeholder involvement, a common language must emerge which facilitates the design team to access stakeholder experiences and use these experiences for information and inspiration in the early phase of the hospital building design process. This common language should be a commonly shared design language that hospital stakeholders and the design team use to communicate verbally and visually. The common design language is the foundation of the Hospital Stakeholder Participation Method and includes both conventional design research methods (observation and interviewing) in order to obtain observable and explicit stakeholder knowledge, and generative techniques (group session, sensitising and generative tools) in order to obtain tacit and latent knowledge. Implementation of this method in an early stage of the design process would expose fully the hospital stakeholders’ experiences that contribute to an optimal hospital environment. *Since 2009: 4Building b.v.Industrial Design EngineeringProduct Innovation Managemen
Creating a comfortable working environment for cath lab physicians: Design of a body support
No full textThis project is about developing a solution for cath lab physicians. A cath lab physician is a medical doctor, with a background in cardiology, neurology, electro physiology or radiology, who performs cath lab procedures. A cath lab procedure is a minimal invasive procedure in which a catheter is brought into the body of a patient via a small incision. Cath lab physicians suffer from injuries due to the heavy physical workload of their job. The lead apron they wear to protect themselves against the radiation used during the procedures, in combination with long periods of standing, are the main cause of these injuries. An analysis is performed to get more insight in the nature of the injuries and of the environment of the physicians. To start prototyping in an early stage, a short ideation phase took place directly after the analysis. As a result, this phase brought requirements, wishes and concluded with two design directions. A stool with some new features was the best solution. This stool was designed to support the user. The seat will prevent the injuries on the legs while the integrated sternum support reduces the forces in the back muscle. A test was performed to validate the effect of the sternum support. The test shows a reduction between 10% and 15% of the tension in the back muscle. Further research will have to show if the use of the designed solution will actually prevent hernias in the future.Industrial Design EngineeringIndustrial Desig
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