1,720,959 research outputs found
Programmes to manage food selectivity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
No full textAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by impaired social communication and restricted interests/repetitive behaviours. In this regard, sensory processing difficulties and delayed oral motor skills often predispose individuals with ASD to food selectivity (FS). It is usually associated with repetitive eating patterns that can lead to multiple malnutrition conditions. The objective of this narrative review is to present an overview about the existing nutritional interventions aiming at promoting a healthy eating pattern and addressing food selectivity among individuals with ASD. Regarding the interventions targeting nutrition education, the majority of the analysed studies failed to demonstrate their effectiveness. On the other hand, many educational interventions involving taste or cooking sessions, as well as behavioural interventions for FS, demonstrated effective results. Moreover, multidisciplinary in tailoring such programmes, including psychology speech therapy and nutritional skills, is acknowledged as a key approach
An overview of the nutritional status of childbearing age women, children and adolescents living in a rural area of Madagascar: preliminary results of the Tany Vao project.
No full textObjective: To describe the food consumption, nutrition knowledge and nutritional assessment of childbearing age women and their children, living in rural villages in Madagascar. The results presented are related to the Tany Vao research study. Design: A cross-sectional pilot study.
Setting: The study was carried out in Ampanitosoha village on Nosy Mitsio island in Madagascar.
Participants: 32 women (14–49 years) and 36 children and adolescents (2–17 years).
Results: 70 % of the women lacked nutrition knowledge and did not reach the Minimum Dietary Diversity Index for Women cut-off. The median BMI was 21·1 kg/m2 but 55·2 % of the women exceeded the cut-off for waist-to-hip ratio, 51·7% for waist-to-height ratio and 81·2% for mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Almost all had adequate intake of energy, protein and carbohydrates, while 27·6 % had excessive fat intake and 75·9 % of added sugars. Over half of the women did not meet the micronutrients Reference Daily Intake (RDI). For children, the MUAC z-score was lower for boys than for girls (P-value = 0·041). Conclusions: These results underline the importance of increasing women’s nutritional knowledge to promote healthy pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, it is fundamental to provide people living in rural areas with sustainable tools to improve dietary diversity and support long-term health
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Planetary Health Diet for Childhood Obesity Prevention: Integrating Nutritional Health with Environmental Stewardship.
No full textBackground: Childhood obesity is a critical public health challenge with a rising prevalence worldwide, contributing to numerous health risks and long-term societal burdens. Concurrently, climate change and environmental degradation demand sustainable approaches to dietary patterns. The Planetary Health Diet (PHD), initially designed for adults, emphasizes plant-based foods and sustainable practices.
Objectives: This review explores the suitability of the PHD for addressing childhood obesity by assessing its nutritional adequacy and proposing necessary adaptations for pediatric populations.
Methods: A narrative review methodology was employed, examining data from global and regional nutritional guidelines and evaluating the PHD's bromatological composition against age-specific requirements.
Results: The findings indicate that while the PHD aligns with environmental goals, it may not fully meet the energy and specific nutrient needs of children and adolescents without modifications. Key challenges include ensuring adequate intake of bioavailable protein, iron, calcium, vitamin B12, and vitamin D. Strategies such as incorporating fortified foods, optimizing food pairings, and gradual adaptation to high-fiber diets are critical for successful implementation. This review also highlights the importance of cultural adaptability, family involvement, and regional food systems in promoting adherence. Tailored interventions, such as school meal programs and educational initiatives, can bridge gaps in nutrition while fostering sustainable dietary behaviors.
Conclusions: Adapting the PHD for pediatric needs presents an opportunity to integrate nutritional health with environmental stewardship, contributing to obesity prevention and a sustainable future. Further research is required to validate these adaptations and develop comprehensive frameworks for global implementation
Comparative analysis of dietary vs. non-dietary approaches in obesity and disordered eating behaviors: a narrative review of the literature
No full textPurpose: This narrative review aims to conduct a comparative analysis of dietary and non-dietary approaches in the management of weight and disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in adults with obesity.
Methods: Studies were identified from Medline (PubMed), including only English-language manuscripts published from 1998 to 2024. To be included in the review the studies had to be RCTs that compared the effect of dietary and non-dietary approaches on weight loss and DEBs in adults with obesity not being treated with pharmacological treatments.
Results: Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported in 8 manuscripts published between 1998 and 2024 met the inclusion criteria. The sample size ranged from a minimum of 16 subjects to a maximum of 219. All studies involved adult subjects, mainly women, with first-, second-, or third-degree obesity and most subjects had cognitive restriction and/or uncontrolled eating. Dietary approaches were characterized by moderate caloric restriction (CR) and restriction of fat intake. In contrast, non-dietary approaches focused on mindful eating (ME), intuitive eating (IE) and weight neutral (WN) approaches. Of the 7 RCTs included, 5 reported greater weight loss in the diet group compared to the non-diet group; however, only one of these sustained the result at follow-up. In contrast, 4 studies demonstrated greater improvements in DEBs in the non-diet group.
Conclusion: CR is essential for weight loss in individuals with obesity, but long-term weight management also hinges on their relationship with food. The psychological improvements reported in non-dietary versus dietary approaches should not be overlooked and can be a starting point for the development of multidisciplinary interventions involving synergistic actions between diet, exercise, and practices to improve DEBs with the goal of reducing the obesity epidemic. Level of evidence Level I, at least one properly designed randomized controlled trials; systematic reviews and meta-analyses; experimental studies
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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