4,208 research outputs found
Discourse functions of ránhòu 然后 and overtness requirement for subjects: A corpus-driven formal account
No full textThis paper proposes an analysis of overt and null subjects in sentences in which the Chinese connective 然后 ránhòu ‘then’ is used as a temporal conjunction (CJ) or a discourse marker (DM). Following a corpus-driven approach, we collected 192 occurrences of ranhou from a 2.5h randomly selected sub-corpus of telephone conversations between native speakers of Chinese. Statistical results show that (i) ranhou is used more often as a DM than as a CJ and that (ii) the subject following the DM is mostly overt, even in cases when the topics in the two clauses connected by ranhou are the same. Our syntactic interpretation of the result is that, when used as a DM, ranhou sits in a functional domain above the clause, whereas, when used as a CJ, it is adjoined to VP. In conclusion, we propose subject/topic overtness as a significant feature in making a distinction between CJ and DM ranhou
Development of Phishing Detection Modules: Study, Analysis, and Implementation
No full textreservedQuesto documento descrive l'attività svolta da Leonardo Lago durante il suo stage interno presso l'Università degli Studi di Padova, della durata di circa trecentoventi ore iniziato il 6 Maggio 2024 e conclusosi il 28 Giugno 2024. L'attività è stata supervisionata dal Prof. Conti Mauro come promotore, con la collaborazione del Prof. Pajola Luca della start-up Spritz Matter, spin-off dell'Università di Padova. Il Prof. Bresolin Davide è stato il tutor interno per il Consiglio del Corso di Studio durante il periodo di tirocinio.
Questa tesi si occupa di ricercare e implementare delle soluzioni al problema degli attacchi informatici di phishing. In particolare è stato svolta uno studio dello stato dell'arte sulle soluzioni ricercate e valutate nella letteratura che ha dato modo di comprendere le possibili soluzioni da adottare. In seguito sono stati realizzati due diversi moduli di rilevazione degli attacchi phishing incentrati sulla classificazione rispettivamente di URL e documenti malevoli.This document describes the activities carried out by Leonardo Lago during his internal internship at the University of Padua, which lasted approximately three hundred and twenty hours, starting on May 6, 2024, and ending on June 28, 2024. The activity was supervised by Prof. Conti Mauro as the promoter, in collaboration with Prof. Pajola Luca from the start-up Spritz Matter, a spin-off of the University of Padua. Prof. Bresolin Davide served as the internal tutor for the Council of the Study Program during the internship period.
This thesis focuses on researching and implementing solutions to the problem of phishing cyber-attacks. In particular, a study of the state-of-the-art solutions explored and evaluated in the literature was conducted, which provided an understanding of the possible solutions to adopt. Subsequently, two different modules for detecting phishing attacks were developed, focusing on the classification of malicious URLs and documents, respectively
Discourse markers in Chinese and Italian: A corpus-driven comparison of ránhòu 然后 and poi.
Get PDFThe present study is a corpus-driven analysis comparing the Chinese discourse marker (DM) ránhòu 然后 (then) and its Italian equivalent poi. A total of 351 occurrences of ranhou (192) and poi (159) were extracted from a randomly selected sample of the CALLFRIENDS and LIP corpora, large collections of natural conversations between Chinese and Italian native speakers, respectively. Each corpus sample approximately consisted of 2.5h conversations. Based on the quantitative analysis of the data supported by qualitative evidence, the study highlights the interactional, metatextual, and cognitive functions of the two DMs, focusing on both differences and similarities. Our findings show that both expressions are significantly more used as DMs than to express temporality; however, they also display some specificities. For instance, ranhou often functions as a turn management device, while poi frequently occurs in clusters with other DMs, conveying the speakers’ attitude towards the utterance
Are diabetes and its medications risk factors for the development of COVID-19? Data from a population-based study in Sicily.
Get PDFBackground and aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with higher incidence of severe cases of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients, but it is unknown whether DM is a risk factor for the overall COVID-19 incidence. The aim of present study was to investigate whether there is an association of DM with COVID-19 prevalence and case fatality, and between different DM medications and risk for COVID-19 infection and death.
Methods and results: retrospective observational study on all SARS-CoV-2 positive (SARS-CoV-2+) cases and deaths in Sicily up to 2020, May 14th. No difference in COVID-19 prevalence was found between people with and without DM (RR 0.92 [0.79-1.09]). Case fatality was significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2+ with DM (RR 4.5 [3.55-5.71]). No diabetes medication was associated with differences in risk for SARS-Cov2 infection.
Conclusions: in Sicily, DM was not a risk factor for COVID-19 infection, whereas it was associated with a higher case fatality
Entanglement and quantity in quantum space - About quantum measurement (II)
No full textAs a continuation and extension of "quantity in phase space" "quantity in quantum space" is introduced. With that, the disappearing of quantum interference discussed in a previous paper [S. Durr, et al., Nature 395 (1998) 33] is explained in the same spirit as our recent papers [Ren De-Ming, Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 41 (2004) 685, 833].Physics, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)1ARTICLE133-364
Sneutrino DM in the NMSSM with inverse seesaw mechanism
No full textIn supersymmetric theories like the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM), the lightest neutralino with bino or singlino as its dominant component is customarily taken as dark matter (DM) candidate. Since light Higgsinos favored by naturalness can strength the couplings of the DM and thus enhance the DM-nucleon scattering rate, the tension between naturalness and DM direct detection results becomes more and more acute with the improved experimental sensitivity. In this work, we extend the NMSSM by inverse seesaw mechanism to generate neutrino mass, and show that in certain parameter space the lightest sneutrino may act as a viable DM candidate, i.e. it can annihilate by multi-channels to get correct relic density and meanwhile satisfy all experimental constraints. The most striking feature of the extension is that the DM-nucleon scattering rate can be naturally below its current experimental bounds regardless of the higgsino mass, and hence it alleviates the tension between naturalness and DM experiments. Other interesting features include that the Higgs phenomenology becomes much richer than that of the original NMSSM due to the relaxed constraints from DM physics and also due to the presence of extra neutrinos, and that the signatures of sparticles at colliders are quite different from those with neutralino as DM candidate.National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) [11575053]SCI(E)ARTICLE1
Classical mechanics and quantum mechanics
No full textThe Newton equation of motion is derived from quantum mechanics.Physics, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)2ARTICLE5685-6884
Exploring the Impact of Disrupted Peer-to-Peer Communications on Fully Decentralized Learning in Disaster Scenarios
Get PDFFully decentralized learning enables the distribution of learning resources and decision-making capabilities across multiple user devices or nodes, and is rapidly gaining popularity due to its privacy-preserving and decentralized nature. Importantly, this crowdsourcing of the learning process allows the system to continue functioning even if some nodes are affected or disconnected. In a disaster scenario, communication infrastructure and centralized systems may be disrupted or completely unavailable, hindering the possibility of carrying out standard centralized learning tasks in these settings. Thus, fully decentralized learning can help in this case. However, transitioning from centralized to peer-to-peer communications introduces a dependency between the learning process and the topology of the communication graph among nodes. In a disaster scenario, even peer-to-peer communications are susceptible to abrupt changes, such as devices running out of battery or getting disconnected from others due to their position. In this study, we investigate the effects of various disruptions to peer-to-peer communications on decentralized learning in a disaster setting. We examine the resilience of a decentralized learning process when a subset of devices drop from the process abruptly. To this end, we analyze the difference between losing devices holding data, i.e., potential knowledge, vs. devices contributing only to the graph connectivity, i.e., with no data. Our findings on a Barabasi-Albert graph topology, where training data is distributed across nodes in an IID fashion, indicate that the accuracy of the learning process is more affected by a loss of connectivity than by a loss of data. Nevertheless, the network remains relatively robust, and the learning process can achieve a good level of accuracy
Investigating variation in coral trophic dynamics using stable isotope analysis and implications for nutrient pollution source monitoring
No full textCoral reefs host the highest species richness of any marine ecosystem, and ecologists have long struggled to explain the coexistence of such diverse community assemblages. Competitive exclusion explains how competition for resources applies evolutionary pressure on organisms to expand or shift ecological niches, avoiding competition and increasing fitness. Ecologists have argued that niche partitioning cannot be fine enough to support the high biodiversity on coral reefs, however this may be due our limited ability to measure the trophic niches of corals. Corals maintain complex trophic dynamics: they feed on plankton, they maintain a nutritional endosymbiosis with Symbiodiniaceae algae allowing them access to phototrophic nutrients, and they associate with diverse bacterial and fungal assemblages that can fix carbon and nitrogen. This multitude of pathways confounds coral trophic niche definition. Further, a clear understanding of coral nutrition is necessary to accurately interpret coral stable isotope data used to identify nutrient pollution sources. In this thesis, I used stable isotope analysis (SIA) of corals to identify the source of nitrogen inputs into coastal seas as well as compare the nutrition of coral species. First, I used gorgonian soft corals from Barbados to map δ15N values and evaluate the impact of sewage discharge and mitigation efforts across space. Further, I extracted material from annually secreted growth rings in the skeletons of these corals to reconstruct δ15N values, and therefore the magnitude of sewage pollution, in the past. Additionally, I used the δ15N values of the algal symbionts of a Myanmarese hard coral to evaluate the impacts of sewage and agricultural fertilizer. Next, I used SIA to characterize the relative size and placement of the isotopic niches of soft corals that lack symbiotic algae. These data revealed trophic niche partitioning, where some genera were generalists feeding on diverse particles while others were specialists, targeting a subset of particles. Third, I investigated the use of nutritional pathways aside from suspension feeding in Hong Kong soft corals without algal symbionts. I demonstrated that some of these corals assimilate nitrate, and I identified members of their associated bacterial communities that have the capacity to use this inorganic nitrogen source, suggesting that these corals use their microbial communities to access limiting nitrogen and that nutrient limitation is a precursor to nutritional symbioses. Finally, I assess trophic niche partitioning across corals with algal symbionts by quantifying the amount of coupling between the nutrition of these two partners. SIA of host and symbiont revealed high coupling in some coral species, and limited coupling in others. I used a thermaltolerance experiment to demonstrate that increased dependence of the coral host on their symbionts is correlated with higher bleaching susceptibility, illustrating a tradeoff of autotrophy vs. heterotrophy. This thesis shows that trophic niche partitioning across corals both with and without algal symbionts is more fine-scale than previously thought, suggesting that niche partitioning is a major mechanism supporting high biodiversity on reefs. An understanding of the trophic niches of corals can be used to interpret SIA data collected for nutrient pollution monitoring.published_or_final_versionBiological SciencesDoctoralDoctor of Philosoph
Policy-driven Data Sharing over Attribute-Based Encryption supporting Dual Membership
No full textAttribute-Based Encryption (ABE) plays an important role in current secure data sharing through fine-grained customizable policies. However, the existing ABE schemes only support simple predicates, = and ≠, but cannot express a more general membership predicates, ∈ and ∉, in policies. The low expressivity of ABE will enlarge the ciphertext storage and reduce the communication efficiency. To overcome this problem, we propose an ABE supporting Dual Membership (DM-ABE). The core problem for implementing this scheme is how to use cryptographic methods to decide the membership between the verified element and the given set. In order to solve this problem, we design a cryptographic algorithm, called Secure Decision of Membership (SDM), based on aggregation functions. In this algorithm, any set can be aggregated into one cryptographic element, and the verified element and the given set can be converted into another cryptographic element in decision process. The membership between them can be decided by the above two cryptographic elements. Furthermore, we construct the DM-ABE by using SDM. Because of the good expressivity of our DM-ABE, we further propose a novel cryptographic data sharing framework by integrating DM-ABE and attribute-based access control to provide fine-grained access control and security protection for private data. In the security proof of DM-ABE, we prove that the DM-ABE satisfies the semantic security against chosen-plaintext attacks under the DBDHE assumption in the standard model through a unified way, considering both two encryption methods for ∈ and ∉ at the same time. Finally, we analyze our scheme in terms of time and space complexity, and compare it with some existing schemes. The results show that our DM-ABE has a better expressive ability on the boolean logic of general membership predicates, ∈ and ∉.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Cyber Securit
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