1,720,983 research outputs found
Giuseppe Maria Soli in palazzo Barberini a Roma
No full textThe inventory of goods owned by Prince Giulio Cesare Colonna di Sciarra, who had married Cornelia Costanza Barberini in 1728, contains a reference to Giuseppe Maria Soli as the author of a canvas in the alcove of the second-floor apartment in the Palazzo Barberini in Rome. This makes it possible to reconstruct Soli’s hitherto unpublished activity there, and he is credited with the authorship of the six canvases in the salone of the apartment and the decoration of the gabinetto dei ritratti. Bearing in mind that Soli was in Rome between 1770 and 1784, and that scholarship indicates that work on the palazzo was completed by 1770, a new chronology is put forward – the 1770s – thus also providing a context for the precocious taste in Neoclassicism which has been recognised here, precisely in the decoration of the gabinetto
White matter microstructure in early onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Tourette Syndrome. A diffusion tensor imaging study in a population of drug-naïve children and adolescents with long-term clinical follow-up
Full text linkBackground and Objective
Early onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) are frequently associated conditions. Beside the evidence of their high epidemiological cross-prevalence supported by a common genetic liability (Huisman-van Dijk et al., 2016; Yu et al., 2015), little is known on the nature of their close relationship on a pathophysiological level. By analyzing white matter (WM) microstructure through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), the present study aimed to characterize and compare primary pathophysiological changes in drug-naïve children and adolescents with OCD, TS, and TS+OCD.
Methods
Fifty-one participants (mean age 10.2 2.0 years), including N=10 with OCD, N=16 with pure TS, N=14 with TS+OCD, and 11 age-matched controls were studied cross-sectionally through 3T MRI. We performed tractography and extracted DTI metrics in five WM tracts of interest, i.e., the cortico-spinal tract (CST), the anterior thalamic radiations (ATR), the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), the corpus callosum (CC), and the cingulum. Relationship between DTI changes and clinical severity was examined through correlational analyses. A clinical follow-up at mean 7.6 years after MRI examination was performed to evaluate clinical outcomes and association to neuroimaging findings.
Results
Significant between-group differences emerged in DTI metrics, specifically in fractional anisotropy (FA), an index of myelination and organization of axon fibers (Johansen-Berg & Rushworth, 2009; Toga et al., 2006). All analyzed tracts of interest except for the cingulum revealed a differential microstructure at group comparisons. The OCD group showed decreased FA within CST, ATR, ILF, and CC in respect to controls. A negative correlation was found between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and FA values in OCD, indicating that more severe clinical phenotypes are likely underpinned by less organized WM. Compared to controls, TS and TS+OCD groups both displayed remarkably different correlates from OCD and opposite DTI changes, i.e., increased FA in CST, ATR, ILF, and CC. Moreover, TS and TS+OCD had comparable DTI changes within all the investigated WM tracts and FA showed negative correlation with tic severity, revealing a shared pattern of WM organization in TS/TS+OCD with inverse relationship to symptom expression. At follow-up, no significant associations were found between FA values at baseline and long-term outcomes. Substantial symptom remission was achieved in 58.3% of TS, 63.6% of TS+OCD, and 70% of OCD patients, although a significant proportion of patient developed additional psychiatric disorders such as anxiety or depression.
Conclusion
The study highlights differential white matter involvement in pediatric OCD as opposed to TS/TS+OCD. Compared to neurotypical population, children with TS/TS+OCD showed an early increase in axons, fiber density, and/or myelination in WM bundles linking the frontal, occipital, and temporal cortices with each other and with the thalamus. Conversely, children with OCD showed widespread reduced organization of callosal, temporo-occipital, and fronto-thalamic WM tracts. Correlational analysis suggests that DTI changes in TS may reflect a compensatory reorganization in response to the disease pathophysiology, while in OCD they may represent a marker of the overall disease severity deriving from delay or damage to white matter development. Confirmation of these possibilities awaits longitudinal studies. The observation of shared DTI correlates of TS and TS+OCD strengthens the concept that at least some forms of OCD are etiologically related to TS and might therefore be a variant expression of the same etiologic factors that are important for the expression of tics (i.e., TS+OCD as a peculiar subtype of TS). By characterizing and differentiating early-stage neural underpinnings of OCD and TS, future targeted and neuroimaging-informed interventions may be developed
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: A new prognostic factor even in patients with heart failure
No full textRage attacks in Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder: a systematic review
No full textTourette syndrome (TS) and Chronic motor/vocal Tic Disorder (CTD) are neurodevelopmental conditions defined by the occurrence of multiple tics. Besides the well-known association with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), rage attacks (RA) represent common and detrimental symptoms for patients. In order to explore prevalence of RA in tic disorders, relation to tic severity/comorbidities and available treatments, we performed a systematic literature review based on PRISMA Guidelines. 32 studies published between January 2008 - December 2019 were deemed suitable for the analysis and provided a prevalence of 20-67%. Most findings showed a direct correlation with tic severity and a significant impact on psychosocial functioning. Although apparently related to comorbid ADHD, RA also frequently occur as independent manifestations. Association with other comorbidities, such as OCD, impulse control and mood disorders has also been reported, not yet fully established. Behavioral interventions appear to be effective, whereas there is limited evidence concerning the efficacy of medication. In TS/CTD, RA may be regarded as a major comorbidity that requires clinical investigation in order to develop personalized treatments
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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