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Nerve growth factor/Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor - Osteocalcin and oxytocin gene interaction in brain, bone, fat stores and reproductive organs of adult mice.
No full textOBJECTIVE: That gonadal failure favors the appearance of osteoporosis while obesity seems to protect from osteoporosis support linking between bone, energy, and reproduction. The bone-derived osteocalcin (Ost), the neurotrophins BDNF/NGF and Oxytocin(Oxt) have effects on energy metabolism, bone mass, reproduction and brain functions suggesting a coordinated regulation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: BDNF/NGF-Oxt-Ost interactions was investigated by RT-PCR measuring mRNA levels of NGF, BDNF, Oxt, Ost and their receptors p75NTR/NTRK1, TRKb, Oxtr and Gprc6a in brain, bone, WAT/BAT and reproductive organs, of 3 months old female and male mice using brain and bone as positive controls, respectively.
RESULTS: NGF and p75NTR expression is 50% higher in BAT than brain and are down-regulated in WAT and bone in both genders. Ost and Gprc6a are upregulated in bone and brain, down-regulated in BAT/WAT. BDNF and TRKb expression in bone is higher than brain, but lower in BAT/WAT; TRKb is down-regulated in bone and up-regulated in adipose tissue. NGF is up-regulated in ovaries/uterus, but down-regulated in testes. p75NTR is respectively 300%, 100% and 50% higher in testis, ovaries and uterus than brain. NTRK1 is down-regulated in all tissues. Gprc6a is expressed in testes, not in ovaries and uterus. BDNF and TRKb are down-regulated in reproductive organs. Oxt is expressed in brain and in bone in either genders while Oxtr in ovaries, in fat and bone. Up-regulation of NGF and related-receptors in fat is consistent with NGF as an energy regulator. Inverse correlation of NGF and BDNF in fat and bone, shows these exerting opposite effects on leptin with BDNF regulating bone.
CONCLUSIONS: The up-regulation of p75NTR in testes matches Gprc6a expression and may be responsible for higher LH in Ost-/- mice. The pattern of expression of these molecules show a similar trend with Ost/NGF/Oxt/BDNF genes highly expressed in brain of male and female mice, while their receptors were expressed in reproductive organs showing a gender expression profile. This is consistent with the fact that these molecules have limited or no access through the blood brain barrier and adds evidences that the signalling of bone metabolism and fertility are released from CNS to act on peripheral tissues
Nerve Growth Factor/Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, Osteocalcin and Oxytocin genes relationship in brain, bone, fat stores and reproductive organs.
No full textBone mass, metabolism and reproduction are regulated coordinately. The bone-derived osteocalcin (Ost) favors insulin sensitivity, male fertility and neurogenesis. The neurotrophins BDNF/NGF and oxytocin (Oxt) are involved in energy and bone metabolism. NGF regulates fertility elevating LH in female, Ost-/- mice show obesity and high LH in spite of decreased testosterone. To investigate the NGF/BDNF-Oxt-Ost interactions we analyzed by RT-PCR the mRNA levels of NGF, BDNF, Oxt, Ost and their receptors p75NTR/NTRK1, TRKb, Oxtr and Gprc6a in brain, bone, WAT/BAT and reproductive organs, of 3 months old female and male mice. Brain and bone were used as positive controls respectively. NGF and p75NTR expression is 50% higher in BAT than brain. NGF and its receptors are downregulated in WAT and bone in both genders. Ost and Gprc6a are upregulated in bone and brain, down-regulated in BAT/WAT. BDNF and TRKb expression in bone is higher than brain, but lower in BAT/WAT; TRKb is downregulated in bone and up-regulated in adipose tissue. NGF is up-regulated in ovaries/uterus, but down-regulated in the testes. p75NTR is respectively 300%, 100% and 50% higher in testis, ovaries and uterus than brain. NTRK1 is downregulated in all tissues. The Gprc6a is expressed in testes, not in ovaries and uterus. BDNF and TRKb are downregulated in sexual organs. Oxt is markedly expressed in brain and with minor extend in bone in either genders, while Oxtr in ovaries although a significant expression level is observed in fat and bone. The up-regulation of NGF and related-receptors in fat is consistent with NGF as an energy regulator. The inverse correlation of NGF and BDNF in fat and bone, shows these exerting opposite effects on leptin with BDNF regulating bone. The up-regulation of p75NTR in testes matches the Gprc6a expression in the same organ. Gene correlation analysis shows the existence of an interaction between NGF and osteocalcin. Therefore, we speculate that NGF can be a physiologic mediator of osteocalcin both peripherally regulating steroid production in Leydig cell in the testosterone deficient OST-/-, and centrally thought the sprouting of new synapses in this cognitively impaired mice. The pattern of expression of these molecules and their receptors show a similar trend with Ost, NGF, Oxt and BDNF genes highly expressed in brain of both genders, while their receptors were expressed in the reproductive organs showing a gender expression profile. These data add evidences that the signalling of bone metabolism and reproduction are released from CNS to act on peripheral tissues
Osteocalcin interacts with Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, Nerve Growth Factor but not Oxytocin in the regulation of bone, energy, brain and reproductive functions.
Full text linkOsteocalcin, the neurotrophins BDNF/NGF and Oxytocin(Oxt) have pleiotropic effects on energy metabolism, bone mass, reproduction and brain functions suggesting a coordinated regulation. The carboxylated osteocalcin(Ost) acts on bone, while the uncarboxylated Ost shows hormone-like actions. NGF regulates female fertility elevating LH, Ost-/- mice show high LH in spite of decreased testosterone. BDNF/NGF-Oxt-Ost interactions was investigated by RT-PCR measuring mRNA levels of NGF, BDNF, Oxt, Ost and their receptors p75NTR/NTRK1, TRKb, Oxtr and Gprc6a in brain, bone, WAT/BAT and reproductive organs, of 3 months old female and male mice using brain and bone as positive controls, respectively. NGF and p75NTR expression is 50% higher in BAT than brain and are down-regulated in WAT and bone in both genders. Ost and Gprc6a are upregulated in bone and brain, down-regulated in BAT/WAT. BDNF and TRKb expression in bone is higher than brain, but lower in BAT/WAT; TRKb is down-regulated in bone and up-regulated in adipose tissue. NGF is up-regulated in ovaries/uterus, but down-regulated in testes. p75NTR is respectively 300%, 100% and 50% higher in testis, ovaries and uterus than brain. NTRK1 is down-regulated in all tissues. The Gprc6a is expressed in testes, not in ovaries and uterus. BDNF and TRKb are down-regulated in reproductive organs. Oxt is expressed in brain and with minor extend in bone in either genders while Oxtr in ovaries, a significant expression level is observed in fat and bone. The up-regulation of NGF and related-receptors in fat is consistent with NGF as energy regulator. The up-regulation of p75NTR matches the Gprc6a in testes, while inverse correlation of NGF and BDNF in fat and bone, shows these exerting opposite effects on leptin with BDNF regulating bone. BDNF-NGF-Ost genes interaction is observed. BDNF may regulate the exclusive actions of carboxylated Ost on bone, while NGF modulates the uncarboxylated Ost hormonal actions
Expression profile of NGF-BDNF and Osteocalcin genes in brain, bone, fat stores and reproductive organs
No full textBone mass, metabolism and reproduction are regulated coordinately. The bone-derived osteocalcin(Ost) favors insulin sensitivity, male fertility and neurogenesis. The neurotrophins BDNF and NGF are involved in energy and bone metabolism. NGF regulates fertility elevating LH in the female, Ost-/- mice show obesity and high LH in spite of decreased testosterone. To investigate the NGF-osteocalcin interaction we analyzed by RT-PCR the mRNA levels of NGF, BDNF, Ost. and their receptors p75NTR/NTRK1, TRKb and Gprc6a respectively in adipose WAT/BAT, reproductive organs, brain and bone(positive controls) of 3 months old female and male mice. Here, the mRNA levels of NGF and p75NTR are 50% higher in BAT than the brain. NGF and its receptors are down-regulated in WAT and bone in both genders. Osteocalcin and Gprc6a are up-regulated in bone and brain, downregulated in BAT/WAT. BDNF and TRKb expression in bone is higher than brain, but lower in BAT/WAT; TRKb is down-regulated in bone and up-regulated in adipose tissue. NGF is up-regulated in the ovaries/uterus, but down-regulated in the testes. The mRNA levels of p75NTR is respectively 300%, 100% and 50% higher in testis, ovaries and uterus than the brain. NTRK1 is down-regulated in all tissues. The Gprc6a is expressed in the testes, not in the ovaries and uterus. BDNF and TRKb are down-regulated in the sexual organs. Therefore, the up-regulation of NGF and related-receptors in fat is consistent with NGF as an energy regulator. The inverse correlation of NGF and BDNF in fat and bone, shows these exerting opposite effects on leptin with BDNF regulating bone. The up-regulation of p75NTR in the testes match the Gprc6a expression, and is responsible for higher LH in the Ost-/- mice. The animal care was performed in accordance with the DIRECTIVE 2010/63/EU. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Bari, Italy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
NGF-BDNF-Osteocalcin and oxytocin gene interaction in brain, bone, fat stores and reproductive organs
No full textBone mass, metabolism and reproduction require a coordinated regulation. The bone-derived osteocalcin (Ost) favors insulin sensitivity, male fertility and neurogenesis. The neurotrophins BDNF/NGF and oxytocin(Oxt) are involved in energy and bone metabolism. NGF regulates fertility elevating LH in female, Ost-/- mice show obesity and high LH in spite of decreased testosterone. To investigate the NGF-osteocalcin- BDNF-Oxt interaction we analyzed by RT-PCR the mRNA levels of NGF, BDNF, Oxt, Ost and their receptors p75NTR/NTRK1, TRKb, Oxtr and Gprc6a in brain and bone, adipose WAT/BAT and reproductive organs, of 3 months old female and male mice. Brain and bone were used as positive controls respectively. The mRNA levels of NGF and p75NTR are 50% higher in BAT than brain. NGF and its receptors are downregulated in WAT and bone in both genders. Ost and Gprc6a are upregulated in bone and brain, down-regulated in BAT/WAT. BDNF and TRKb expression in bone is higher than brain, but lower in BAT/WAT; TRKb is downregulated in bone and up-regulated in adipose tissue. NGF is up-regulated in ovaries/uterus, but down-regulated in the testes. The mRNA levels of p75NTR is respectively 300%, 100% and 50% higher in testis, ovaries and uterus than brain. NTRK1 is downregulated in all tissues. The Gprc6a is expressed in testes, not in ovaries and uterus. BDNF and TRKb are downregulated in the sexual organs. The Oxt gene is markedly expressed in brain and with minor extend in bone in either genders, while the Oxtr in ovaries although a significant level of expression is observed in adipose tissues and bone. The up-regulation of NGF and related-receptors in fat are consistent with NGF as an energy regulator. The inverse correlation of NGF and BDNF in fat and bone, shows these exerting opposite effects on leptin with BDNF regulating bone. The up-regulation of p75NTR in testes match the Gprc6a expression, and may be responsible for the higher LH in the Ost-/- mice. The pattern of expression of these molecules and their receptors show a similar trend with Ost, NGF, Oxt and BDNF genes highly expressed in brain of both male and female mice, while their receptors were instead expressed in the reproductive organs showing a gender expression profile. This is consistent with the fact that these molecules have limited or no access through the blood brain barrier and add evidences that the signalling of bone metabolism and fertility are released from CNS to act on peripheral tissues
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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