1,721,005 research outputs found
Effectiveness of chemometric techniques in discrimination of Lactobacillus helveticus biotypes from natural dairy starter cultures on the basis of phenotypic characteristics
No full textAcute administration of Urb597 fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor prevents attentional impairments by distractors in adolescent mice
Full text linkThe maturation of attentional control during adolescence might influence later functional outcome or predisposition to psychiatric disorders. During adolescence, the cannabinoid system is particularly sensitive to pharmacological challenges, with potential impact on cognitive functions. Here, we used a recently validated five-choice serial reaction time task protocol to test adolescent C57BL/6J mice. We showed that the pharmacological inhibition (by URB597) of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the major enzyme implicated in anandamide degradation, prevented cognitive disruptions induced by distracting cues in adolescent mice. In particular, these protective effects were indicated by increased accuracy and correct responses and decreased premature responses selectively in the distractor trials. Notably, at the relatively low dose used, we detected no effects in other cognitive, motor, or incentive measures nor long-lasting or rebound effects of FAAH inhibition in cognitive functions. Overall, these data provide initial evidence of selective procognitive effects of FAAH inhibition in measures of attentional control in adolescent mice
Use of experimental design to optimize the analysis of volatile compounds by dynamic headspace extraction followed by cold trapping and capillary GC
No full textA central composite design has been used to improve the extraction performance of a dynamic headspace method; extraction yield was evaluated on a homogeneous sample of cheese powder. The volatile compounds were stripped from the sample with nitrogen and adsorbed on a Tenax trap, analysis being performed with a thermal cold trapping injector connected directly to a capillary GC. Three variables (sample temperature, extraction time, and nitrogen flow rate) were investigated, and a quadratic model with interactions was postulated. Twenty experiments was performed, each producing five responses. It was shown that the best conditions for the extraction procedure were those characterized by the highest values of the three variables investigated. Copyright © 1994 Hüthig Gmb
Study on the Influence of Pasture on Volatile Fraction of Ewes’ Dairy Products by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
No full textThe detection of markers of identification of the geo- graphical origin of food is an attractive challenge and, as far as dairy products are concerned, this paper repre- sents a contribution to this field. In this research the influence of feed on the volatile compound composition was investigated on milk, 2-mo-old cheese (Caciotta), and whey cheese (ricotta) obtained from the same flock of Sarda ewes, under standardized technological condi- tions. Three different types of pasture (mixture of Lol- ium perenne and Trifolium squarrosum; rough pasture; Avena sativa) were studied. Solid-phase microextrac- tion combined with gas chromatography-mass spec- trometry was used and principal component analysis was applied for statistical evaluation of the data set. The volatile composition was significantly affected by the type of pasture independently of the type of cheese and the ripening period. Moreover, a marker of rough pasture, tentatively identified as (E,E)-3,7,11-tri- methyl-2,4,10-dodecatriene, was detected only in milk and cheeses produced when the ewe flock grazed on that pasture
Hatchery production of European lobster (Homarus gammarus, L.): Broodstock management and effects of differentt holding systems on larval survival
No full textThe biometry of wild berried females was collected during an entire reproductive season at the South-
Wexford Lobster Co-op hatchery in Nethertown, Ireland. Second degree regressions between total body
weight (TW, g) and carapace length (CL, mm) (TW=CL2 -36.675CL+1793.2, R2=0.9022) and number
of “weaned” larvae and carapace length (Larvae number=1.217CL2–21.777CL-5281.1, R2 =0.743) were
observed. Afterwards, berried females were divided according to two variables: 1. holding system: recirculating
system (Rs) vs barrel (Bar); 2. CL size: 120 mm (C). The total
weight of larvae (212.5 vs 92.4 g) and their numbers (7788 vs 5679) were significantly higher for the
largest females than for the smaller sizes (P<0.01). The maximum survival rate of larvae (77.86%) was
noted for initial stocking density <1000 individuals/hopper, but the optimal stocking density for management
purposes in the hatchery is higher (2001-3000 individuals/hopper)
Milk fatty acids from different horse breeds compared with cow, goat and human milk
No full textThe essential role of fatty acids (FA) in human nutrition was widely documented. Since unsaturated fatty acids amount in mare milk seems to be higher than in cow milk, interesting was considered an approach to evaluate differences between some equine breeds and compare fatty acids composition in different species. Trial was carried out on 30 Haflinger, 6 Noriker and 12 Thoroughbred milk samples collected at 30, 60 and 90 days from delivery. FA profile was investigated referring to linoleic (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), LA/ALA ratio and saturated/unsaturated ratio. LA was higher in Thoroughbred milk at 30, 60 and 90 days, ALA in Noriker mares versus Thoroughbred and Haflinger, underlining an interesting genetic characteristic. LA/ALA ratio was 0.51, 0.49, 0.39 in Noriker at 30, 60, 90 days with a sat/unsat ratio about 1. In Thoroughbred sat/unsat ratio was 0.87, 0.68, 0.57; in Haflinger 1.24, 1.21, 1.28. Investigations concerned also milk FA from Haflinger, Noriker and Thoroughbred mares collected at 60 from delivery compared with cow, goat and human milk. Unsaturated FA were found over 55% in mare samples, higher than cow (30%) and goat (33%) and similar (about 54%) to human. Sat/unsat ratio was lower than 1 in mare milk, about 2 in cow and 2.3 in goat. All mare samples were rich in LA (6.22%-15.41% FA) and ALA (7%-20%). In human milk LA and ALA were 13.54% and 1.02%; lower in goat (2.62% and 0.63%) and in cow (1.86% and 0.57%). Sat/unsat ratio was between 0.70 and 1.09 in horses, 2.30 in goat, 1.88 in cow and 0.83 in human milk
Milk fatty acids from different horse breeds compared with cow,goat and human milk
No full textThe essential role of fatty acids (FA) in human nutrition was widely documented. Since unsaturated fatty acids
amount in mare milk seems to be higher than in cow milk, an approach was considered to evaluate differences between
some equine breeds and compare fatty acids composition in different species. Trial was carried out on 30
Haflinger, 6 Noriker and 12 Thoroughbred milk samples collected at 30, 60 and 90 days from delivery. FA profile
was investigated referring to linoleic (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), LA/ALA ratio and saturated/unsaturated ratio.
LA was higher in Thoroughbred milk at 30, 60 and 90 days, ALA in Noriker mares versus Thoroughbred and Haflinger,
underlining an interesting genetic characteristic. LA/ALA ratio was 0.51, 0.49, 0.39 in Noriker at 30, 60, 90 days
with a sat/unsat ratio about 1. In Thoroughbred sat/unsat ratio was 0.87, 0.71, 0.57; in Haflinger 1.24, 1.09, 1.28. Investigations
concerned also milk FA from Haflinger, Noriker and Thoroughbred mares collected at 60 from delivery
compared with cow, goat and human milk. Unsaturated FA were found about 55% in mare samples, higher than cow
and goat (30–33%) and similar to human. Sat/unsat ratio was lower than 1 in mare milk, about 2 in cow and 2.3 in
goat. All mare samples were rich in LA (6.22–15.41%) and ALA (7.09–12.50%). In human milk LA and ALA were
13.54% and 1.02%; lower in goat (2.62% and 0.63%) and in cow (1.86% and 0.57%). Sat/unsat ratio was between
0.70 and 1.09 in horses, 2.30 in goat, 1.88 in cow and 0.83 in human milk
Study on the Influence of Pasture on Volatile Fraction of Ewes’ Dairy Products by SPME/GC/MS
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