1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The role of the data mining exception in generative artificial intelligence (AI) – an european perspective
No full textLos avances en las tecnologías de inteligencia artificial (IA) han impulsado el desarrollo de la IA generativa, capaz de producir una amplia gama de contenidos. No obstante, el entrenamiento de estos sistemas plantea importantes interrogantes sobre la salvaguardia y el ejercicio de los derechos de autor de los contenidos utilizados para estos fines. En este contexto, este artículo se propone analizar el rol y la idoneidad de la excepción de minería de datos (‘Text and Data Mining’) en el ámbito de la IA generativa, centrándose en el marco legislativo de la Unión Europea (UE). El artículo concluye argumentando que, aunque la minería de datos posee un potencial considerable en el desarrollo de la IA y su incorporación en el marco legislativo de la UE es crucial, tanto la estructura misma de la excepción como la diversidad de enfoques nacionales no ofrecen un cuadro normativo que permita una aplicación armonizada en la UE y ello podría socavar su uso en el campo de la IA generativa.Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have driven the development of generative AI, capable of producing a wide range of content. However, the training of these systems raises significant questions regarding the protection and enforcement of copyright for the content used for these purposes. In this context, this article aims to analyze the role and suitability of the data mining exception (‘Text and Data Mining’) in the field of generative AI, focusing on the legislative framework of the European Union (EU). The article concludes by arguing that although data mining has considerable potential for AI development and its integration into the EU legislative framework is crucial, both the structure of the exception and the diversity of national approaches do not provide a regulatory framework that allows for its harmonized application across the EU, and this could undermine its use in the GenAI field
El rol de la excepción de minerías de datos en la inteligencia artificial (IA) generativa – perspectiva europea
Full text linkAdvances in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have driven the development of generative AI, capable of producing a wide range of content. However, the training of these systems raises significant questions regarding the protection and enforcement of copyright for the content used for these purposes. In this context, this article aims to analyze the role and suitability of the data mining exception (‘Text and Data Mining’) in the field of generative AI, focusing on the legislative framework of the European Union (EU). The article concludes by arguing that although data mining has considerable potential for AI development and its integration into the EU legislative framework is crucial, both the structure of the exception and the diversity of national approaches do not provide a regulatory framework that allows for its harmonized application across the EU, and this could undermine its use in the GenAI field.Los avances en las tecnologías de inteligencia artificial (IA) han impulsado el desarrollo de la IA generativa, capaz de producir una amplia gama de contenidos. No obstante, el entrenamiento de estos sistemas plantea importantes interrogantes sobre la salvaguardia y el ejercicio de los derechos de autor de los contenidos utilizados para estos fines. En este contexto, este artículo se propone analizar el rol y la idoneidad de la excepción de minería de datos (‘Text and Data Mining’) en el ámbito de la IA generativa, centrándose en el marco legislativo de la Unión Europea (UE). El artículo concluye argumentando que, aunque la minería de datos posee un potencial considerable en el desarrollo de la IA y su incorporación en el marco legislativo de la UE es crucial, tanto la estructura misma de la excepción como la diversidad de enfoques nacionales no ofrecen un cuadro normativo que permita una aplicación armonizada en la UE y ello podría socavar su uso en el campo de la IA generativa
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Excepciones a la patentabilidad del art. 53 (b) CPE Comentario a las decisiones de la Alta Cámara de Recursos del 25 de marzo 2015, Broccoli II- Tomato II (Asuntos G 2 /12 ¿ G 2 /13)
No full text25 páginasEn el presente comentario se abordarán las decisiones con las que la Alta Cámara de Recursos de la Oficina de Patentes Europea se pronunció -aclarando el alcance de la exclusión de patentabilidad de los procesos esencialmente biológicos de producción de plantas, establecida por el Artículo 53 (b) del Convenio de Patentes Europea (EPC)- sobre la posibilidad de conceder un derecho de patentes sobre un tipo particular de tomates y brócolis, en el el mes de marzo del corrente año 2015.
Se sige un método expositivo de los hechos relevantes y la normativa aplicable al caso, concluyendo con comentarios finales y valoración personal sobre la repercusión de la decisiones
Estatuto jurídico del embrión. Alcance de la prohibición de patentabilidad del art. 6 de la Directiva 98/44/CE en el Asunto C-364/13, International Stem Cell Corporation C. Comptroller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks. Situación en Latinoaméric
No full textEn el presente trabajo se analiza La Decisión del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea en el Asunto C-364/13- International Stem Cell Corporation C. Comptroller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks sobre la patentabilidad de las células madres obtenidas mediante partenogénesis, de acuerdo con la Directiva 98/44/CE del Parlamento europeo y del Consejo (Art. 6, párrafo 2, epígrafe c) relativa a la protección jurídica de las invenciones biotecnológicas. Se incluyen algunas reflexiones científicas, éticas y jurídicas sobre el embrión humano y las células madres en relación con el tema tratado
El rol de la excepción de minerías de datos en la inteligencia artificial (IA) generativa – perspectiva europea
No full textAdvances in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have driven the development of generative AI, capable of producing a wide range of content. However, the training of these systems raises significant questions regarding the protection and enforcement of copyright for the content used for these purposes. In this context, this article aims to analyze the role and suitability of the data mining exception (‘Text and Data Mining’) in the field of generative AI, focusing on the legislative framework of the European Union (EU). The article concludes by arguing that although data mining has considerable potential for AI development and its integration into the EU legislative framework is crucial, both the structure of the exception and the diversity of national approaches do not provide a regulatory framework that allows for its harmonized application across the EU, and this could undermine its use in the GenAI field.Los avances en las tecnologías de inteligencia artificial (IA) han impulsado el desarrollo de la IA generativa, capaz de producir una amplia gama de contenidos. No obstante, el entrenamiento de estos sistemas plantea importantes interrogantes sobre la salvaguardia y el ejercicio de los derechos de autor de los contenidos utilizados para estos fines. En este contexto, este artículo se propone analizar el rol y la idoneidad de la excepción de minería de datos (‘Text and Data Mining’) en el ámbito de la IA generativa, centrándose en el marco legislativo de la Unión Europea (UE). El artículo concluye argumentando que, aunque la minería de datos posee un potencial considerable en el desarrollo de la IA y su incorporación en el marco legislativo de la UE es crucial, tanto la estructura misma de la excepción como la diversidad de enfoques nacionales no ofrecen un cuadro normativo que permita una aplicación armonizada en la UE y ello podría socavar su uso en el campo de la IA generativa
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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