1,720,974 research outputs found
Mapping petroleum resources in Italy: from Antonio Stoppani to the foundation of Agip (1926)
No full textL’opera di Antonio Stoppani segna l’inizio della ricerca in chiave scientifica moderna nel campo della geologia del petrolio in Italia, e fu stimolata dal rapido sviluppo dell’industria petrolifera americana iniziato alla fine del 1859. Negli anni immediatamente successivi all’Unità d’Italia, diverse aree del Paese videro una fioritura sia dell’esplorazione geologica del sottosuolo, sia dei rilievi di campo, eseguiti dal Corpo delle Miniere e dal Regio Ufficio Geologico, anche se la mappatura delle risorse petrolifere rimase praticamente confinata nelle sole provincie emiliane. Nel primo dopoguerra gli studi si estesero al resto della penisola e, con il riassetto legislativo in tema di proprietà del sottosuolo, questa attività passò quasi integralmente nelle mani dell’Agenzia Generale Italiana Petroli, la compagnia petrolifera di Stato fondata nel 1926.Antonio Stoppani marks the beginning of petroleum geology in Italy, stimulated by the developments of the newborn American oil industry (1859). Soon after the Italian unification, petroleum exploration was carried out in many areas of the Country, which generated the elaboration of several technical and statistical reports carried out by the Corps of Mines and the Royal Geological Survey. In this context, petroleum resources mapping concerned only the most productive areas, i.e., the pede-Apenninic areas of some provinces of the Emilia Region, at least until the end of the eighteenth century. After World War I, geological studies spread to the rest of Italy (Abruzzi, Lazio) and, with the unitization of mining laws concerning underground ownership, this activity passed almost entirely into the hands of AGIP, the Italian state-owned oil company founded in 1926
The contribution to the geological knowledge of Tripolitania and Cyrenaic regions (Libya N-Africa): the first Italian expedition between 1910 and 1914.
No full textThe Italian geological expeditions to Tripolitania and Cyrenaic regions (Libya, N-Africa) between 1911 and 1914
No full textAntonio Stoppani: a pioneer of petroleum geology and his activity in the Italian oil production industry
No full textThis work deepens into the significant advancements made in petroleum geology, geosciences, and technology within Italy during the mid-19th to early 20th centuries. These advancements laid the groundwork for the emergence of the national petroleum industry. Specifically, it scrutinizes the pivotal role played by Antonio Stoppani, who catalyzed the inception of modern petroleum geology studies in Italy.
Following E.L. Drake's landmark discovery in Pennsylvania in 1859, a flurry of activity in petroleum production, refining, and export burgeoned in North America—a phenomenon named the "oil rush," which stands as one of the earliest instances of commercial globalization (Novelli & Sella, 2009).
Within a brief span, a multitude of companies engaged in oil and gas exploration emerged in Italy, drawing upon the nation's rich historical and scientific heritage, as well as centuries-old artisanal practices of harvesting and trading olio di sasso (rock oil) (Stoppani, 1864).
Initially concentrated in the Emilia region (including the provinces of Piacenza, Parma, and Modena) (Macini et alii, 2018), this activity soon expanded into Abruzzi (particularly the Pescara Valley, between Tocco da Casauria and Lettomanoppello), Lazio (former region of Terra di Lavoro, between Ripi and San Giovanni Incarico) and Sicily.
Since 1864, Antonio Stoppani embarked on the development of various aspects encompassed by contemporary "petroleum geosciences." Notably, in a seminal article, he comprehensively addressed the distribution, characteristics, and origins of oil and gas from a global perspective, surpassing the confines of Italian geography. This approach, unprecedented for its time, underscored Stoppani's profound familiarity with recent American scholarship, particularly that of T.S. Hunt, whose work elucidated the theory of anticlines.
In 1866, Stoppani further augmented his contributions by publishing a map delineating the petroleum-rich zones of the Emilia Region (Stoppani, 1866). This endeavor coincided with the initiation of an ambitious cartographic project aimed at crafting a geological map of Italy.
Stoppani's endeavors extended beyond scholarly discourse; he meticulously analyzed the scientific underpinnings of oil exploration in Italy, pinpointing the most promising locales, formulating hypotheses regarding hydrocarbon origins, and delineating the technical and economic constraints inherent in domestic oil management. His commitment was exemplified by extensive visits, studies, and advisory roles at virtually all Italian petroleum production sites.
Ultimately, Stoppani assumed the presidency of the "Società Italiana delle Miniere Petrolifere di Terra di Lavoro," overseeing oil extraction operations at S. Giovanni Incarico, situated in present-day in Frosinone province. However, in 1881, disillusioned perhaps by the profit-driven motives of his partners, who prioritized immediate gains over the broader scientific, technological, and societal benefits of sustained endeavors, Stoppani disengaged from all involvement in the petroleum production industry
La cartografia geologica in Calabria nel XIX secolo
No full textIt is a widely diffused opinion that the knowledge of the geologic features of the Calabrian territory may be referred to the early XX century; nevertheless, a thorough investigation carried out in the cartographic collection of the ISPRA Library, that preserves the historical heritage of the Geological Survey of Italy, allowed to access and analyze original XIX century maps of undoubted scientific interest. The precursor of all 'modern' geological studies in Calabria was Leopoldo Pilla, who analyzed the relationships between the intrusive units and sedimentary successions in the '30s, soon after followed by the German naturalist Rodolfo A. Philippi. Appended to a handwritten Italian translation of a paper of Philippi we have found some geological sketches of the Calabrian region; despite their uncertain attribution, they most likely represent preparatory drafts for a final publication, and are, to date, the first known geological maps of the region. After the mentioned pioneers, up to the '70s, only few authors dealt with the geology of Calabria, and a surprising finding of our research was the discovery of a map and a document drawn up by S. Giancossi, which was however almost ignored by the scientific community. The interest for the geology of Calabria was renewed in the '70s of the XIX century, first by Gerhard vom Rath and then by Vincenzo Rambotti. Subsequently and until the end of the XIX century, just prior to the publication of the Calabrian sheets of the official cartographic map at 1:100,000 scale of the Geological Survey of Italy, many projects of geological mapping were carried out by several geologists, including Carlo De Stefani, Renato Fucini, Giuseppe Seguenza and, above all, Domenico Lovisato. Between 1878 and 1881 Lovisato, appointed by the Royal Geological Committee, realized a geological map in 32 sheets of Northern Calabria on the 1:50,000 scale, that represents the first geological map of the region conceived in a modern way. Undoubtedly, this work was the milestone for the production of the official cartography, realized since 1895 under the direction of Emilio Cortese
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
