1,721,008 research outputs found
Investigating the clonality and formation of memory populations of non-conventional NKp46+ CD3+ T-cells
Get PDFNKp46+ CD3+ T cells have been defined as a novel non-conventional T lymphocyte subset
of cattle that express both NK cell and T cell receptors. It has been hypothesized that
NKp46+ CD3+ cells may form a niche bridging the innate and adaptive immune response
and there is now evidence they may play a role in the responses against Theileria parva and
Mycobacteria. Thus, NKp46+ CD3+ cells may offer a novel population to target in
vaccination strategies. In bovine, recent studies have shown that NKp46+ CD3+ cells can
recognize and respond to autologous Theileria parva infected cells (TpM) and that NKp46+
CD3+ cell lines can be generated and maintained in vitro. Functional analysis has indicated
that both NKp46 receptor and CD3 (i.e. TCR) cross-linking can lead to cell activation,
however, the function of the T cell receptor is still not clear. The aim of this study is to
analyze the TCR repertoire of TpM-stimulated NKp46+CD3+ populations to look for
evidence of TCR selection that would indicate a role for TCR in mediating recognition of
TpM. To address this aim, we use high resolution NGS TRB sequence analysis to compare
the TCR repertoires observed in TpM-stimulated and non-specific stimulated NKp46+CD3+
populations derived from naïve and T. parva-immune animals. TpM specific-stimulated
NKp46+CD3+ cell lines were successfully generated from naive and T. parva immunized
cattle, but generation and maintenance of NKp46+CD3+ cell lines through use of non-specific
stimulant was unsuccessful. The results of this study provide evidence of clonal
selection in the T. parva-specific response of NKp46+ CD3+ T-cells and in 2 naïve animals
highly overlapping TRB repertoires. From the current data it is confirmed that NKp46+CD3+
cells express a highly diverse TRB repertoire with no obvious and consistent overt bias for
usage of particular TRBV or TRBJ genes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
T cell receptor repertoires of immunodominant CD8 T cell responses to Theileria parva
Get PDFPrevious research has provided evidence that CD8 T cells mediate immunity
against infection with Theileria parva. However, the immunity induced by one
parasite strain doesn‟t give complete protection against other strains and this is
associated with parasite strain specificity of the CD8 T cell responses. There is
evidence that such strain specificity is a consequence of the CD8 T cell responses of
individual animals being focused on a limited number of immunodominant
polymorphic peptide-MHC determinants. Dominant responses to the Tp2 antigen
have been demonstrated in animals homozygous for the A10 MHC haplotype. Three
Tp2 epitopes recognised by A10+ animals (Tp249-59, Tp250-59 and Tp298-106) have
been defined. This project set out to investigate the dominance of these epitopes and
to examine the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of the responding T cells.
The specific objectives were to: (i) Determine the dominance hierarchies of the
three defined Tp2 epitopes in both A10-homozygous and -heterozygous cattle. (ii)
Examine the clonal repertoires of epitope-specific responses by analysis of TCR gene
expression. (iii) Isolate full-length cDNAs encoding TCR α and β chain pairs from T
cell clones of defined epitope specificity and use them to generate cells expressing
the functional TCRs. Using MHC class I tetramers the relative dominance of CD8 T
cell responses were found to differ between A10-homozygous and heterozygous
cattle. All A10-homozygous cattle examined had detectable responses to all 3 Tp2
epitopes, the Tp249-59 epitope consistently being the most dominant. By contrast, only
some A10-heterozygous cattle had detectable responses to Tp2 and when present the
response was specific only for the Tp298-106 epitope. Analyses of the sequences of
expressed TCR β chains showed that the responses in individual animals were
clonotypically diverse, but often contained a few large expanded clonotypes. The
TCRs of Tp298-106–specific T cells showed preferential usage of the Vβ13.5 gene and
the frequent presence of a “LGG” motif within the CDR3 of the B chain. A
conserved (public) TCRβ clonotype shared by the Tp250-59-specific CD8 T cells from
all A10-homozygous cattle was identified. The TCRα chains co-expressed with this
public TCRβ clonotype were identified for a number of T cell clones. Lentivirus
transduction of Jurkat cells with three full-length TCR α and β chain pairs resulted in
successful expression of one of the α/β chain pairs as a functional TCR, thus
providing the basis for future work to generate bovine T cells expressing defined
TCRs in vitro
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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