1,721,048 research outputs found
Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Melanoma: A Review
Full text linkWe are currently witnessing a worldwide increase in the incidence of melanoma. Incidence in Europe is about 25 cases per 100,000 population, while in Australia it reaches a rate of 60 new cases per 100,000. While the epidemiological curves of the 1980's and 1990's suggested an increase in the incidence of melanoma across all age groups, the last 10 years’ data indicates a 5% reduction in the incidence of thin melanoma in young individuals aged between 15 and 24. This suggests a positive impact of primary prevention campaigns [1-2]. The risk factors associated with melanoma are different and multifactorial: on one hand, there is a genetic predisposition, as evidenced by the increased risk in patients with dysplastic nevus syndrome, with familial melanoma or familial melanoma syndromes; on the other hand, the unprotected interaction between UV rays and phototypes I-II increases the risk of developing melanoma, especially in case of sunburns in pediatric age. This review aims to summarize melanoma epidemiology and risk factors
Management of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma treated with sonidegib: The experience of an Italian reference hospital
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Dermoscopy of Mycobacterium marinum Skin infection: A Challenging Diagnosis
Full text linkDear Editor, Mycobacterium (M.) marinum is a slow-growing atypical mycobacterium found mainly in saltwater environments. Infection occurs following inoculation of a skin lesion and manifests as a localized granuloma; in fact, the most common cause of infection with M. marinum is the exposure of traumatized skin to affected aqueous environments (1), and it most commonly involves individuals with occupational and recreational exposure to non-chlorinated water (2). An erythematous or bluish 0.5 to 3.0 cm nodule usually develops at the inoculation site, while ulceration can occur later and subsequent lesions may be present along the lymphatic drainage. We present the first case in the literature describing the dermatoscopic characteristics of a microbiologically proven Mycobacterium marinum skin infection, although more cases are certainly needed to identify the main dermatoscopic features of this infection. In January 2019, a 66-year-old patient was referred to our Dermatological Clinic reporting the appearance of two purplish nodules about 2 months earlier, located on the back of the hand and on the left thumb (Figure 1) and of erythematous purplish appearance and quite painful to palpation. Based on the clinical presentation, infection with atypical mycobacteria, botryomycosis, fungal infection (Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum) and infection with Francisella tularensis were considered in the differential diagnosis. The patient was asked if he had an aquarium at home and he confirmed this by telling us of his passion for aquariums, which made the diagnosis easier. Dermatoscopic examination performed on the two lesions at the center of the first nodule located on the hand showed a whitish area surrounded by an erythematous background with fine scaling and dotted vessels and orange-whitish central areas with looped concentric monomorphic vessels (Figure 2, a). However, the thumb lesion had a purplish background with multiple structured rounded areas with orangish appearance surrounded by looped vessels arranged in a crown-like shape (Figure 2, b). It is interesting to note the dermoscopic-histological correlation in this disease: the orangish areas in fact correspond to a granulomatous dermatitis, characterized by inflammatory nodular infiltrate within the dermis (tuberculoid granulomas) (3). Clinically and dermoscopically, the nodules had two different sets of features because they were in different stages of development: the nodule of the thumb was older than the other one on the hand, which the patient reported was of recent onset, also confirmed by the presence of suppuration and ulceration. Both lesions had orange areas in the context of an erythematous background which led us to investigate a granulomatous disease. A deep culture examination and a skin biopsy were thus performed, showing Mycobacterium marinum infection. Oral therapy with clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily for 4 weeks was started and healing occurred in about 21 days. We present this case to emphasize the role of dermoscopy in differential diagnosis of granulomatous disease and to show dermoscopic clues that have not yet been described and that can be used in the future to establish very early diagnosis of this infection, reducing the diagnostic delay
Rate of growth - a novel surrogate marker for high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma? A case report and review of the literature
Full text linkCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common nonmelanoma skin cancer worldwilde, with a more invasive growth pattern and higher potential to metastatize than basal cell carcinoma. Although several risk factors have been linked to a high metastatic potential of cSCC, no widely accepted classification system for this common subtype of cancer exists. Herein we report an emblematic case of rapidly growing and metastatic cSCC and discuss the rate of growth of the tumour (ROG) as novel prognostic high risk surrogate marke
Doxycycline, a widely used antibiotic in dermatology with a possible anti-inflammatory action against IL-6 in COVID-19 outbreak
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Topical dermocosmetics and acne vulgaris
No full textAcne is a highly common skin disease especially among teenagers. Modern acne treatments are based also on the use of moisturizers, cleansers and sunscreens. In choosing the right cleanser, it is important to consider some aspects: the interaction between skin type and the cleanser, the optimal time and method of cleaning and the cosmetic perception of the patient. The aim of our review is to highlight the importance of choosing the most suitable topical dermocosmetics for the different skin types, as well as the most effective timing and method to combine dermocosmetics with the standard acne treatment. A search in literature for selected key words was performed using PubMed. Additional papers were identified based on author expertise. Treatment of acne patients should include education for proper daily skin hygiene, including protection from environmental damage. However, given the low number of clinical studies on cleansers, it is difficult to make reliable recommendations. The correct choice and use of topical dermocosmetics are fundamental in the management of acne patients. Daily use of moisturizers, cleansers and sunscreens can reduce both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesion counts and may be helpful for acne treatment if combined with specific drugs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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