683 research outputs found
Between freedom and insecurity: future challenges
Get PDFThis chapter discusses the findings from previous chapters, points to future policy challenges and presents suggestions for future research. The picture of self-employment as precarious work in Europe is diverse and far from uniform, but with respect to the different dimensions one may conclude – though with a degree of caution – that: (1) for many self-employed current income is not an immediate or pressing problem, although for some this is mostly because their income from self-employment is not the only source of income. Still, many self-employed lack the opportunity to put something aside for a rainy day; (2) in various countries, social benefits and regulatory protection are relatively poor, though very much depending on specific national conditions; and (3) uncertainty for self-employed is typically high, but also often regarded part of the job. Directions for future research include research on changes in employment biographies over time, employment insecurity and social protection
Weinig behoefte aan collectieve pensioenregeling voor zzp’ers
No full textH.P. van Dalen, K. Henkens, W. Conen en J. Schippers, 2015, Weinig behoefte aan collectieve pensioenregeling voor zzp’ers, ESB, 100 (4715), blz. 468-470.In het debat over het pensioenstelsel krijgt de pensioenvoorzieningvan zzp’ers veel aandacht. In het huidige stelsel hebben vooraloudere, hoogopgeleide zelfstandigen een aanvullend pensioen. Debelangrijkste belemmering voor het afsluiten van een aanvullendpensioen zijn de bijbehorende hoge kosten. Dit heeft tot gevolgdat zzp’ers weinig belangstelling hebben voor deelname aan collectievepensioenregelingen en ook weinig zien in van bovenaf opgelegdesolidariteit
Self-employment: between freedom and insecurity
Get PDFThis chapter initiates the conversation between theory, methods, evidence and consequences of self-employment as precarious work. We conceptualize precarious employment in the context of self-employment and approach precarious work as an employment situation in which individuals or households are unable to fulfil fundamental physiological and security needs while working as self-employed. Throughout the book we emphasize three dimensions of precariousness which seem particularly relevant in the context of self-employment: income inadequacy while working (related to concepts such as in-work poverty, low-income households and financial resilience); a lack of adequate social benefits and regulatory protection (related to concepts such as false or bogus self-employment and social security provisions); and work with a high uncertainty of continuing work (related to concepts such as work insecurity, lack of employability and financial unrest). The chapter examines developments in Europe and illustrates the content and contributions in this book
Kritik Moral dalam Antologi Puisi Potret Pembangunan Karya W.S. Rendra
No full textPoetry that is enough to provide moral criticisms, one of which is the stroke poems of W.S. Rendra\u27s pen. His poems were enough to give a scathing critique of his time and to the end of his life. W.S. Rendra in writing his poems dared to launch a considerable criticism of the risk. The purpose of this research is so that the resulting literary works do not deviate from things that endanger the existence of the author. The method used in this study is the qualitative method. Data analysis will be done using the analysis of the contents of the document (content analysis document) namely by recording the important content expressed in the document or archive, but also its implied meaning. That W.S. Rendra\u27s poems containing the value of moral criticism include poems titled poor people, nursery rhymes, spy rhymes, corn rhymes, rhymes of an old man under a tree, and rhymes of girls and masters
In-work poverty among self-employed and non-standard workers in Europe: Working multiple jobs as a survival strategy
No full textIn-work poverty is considered a pressing social issue in Europe. Despite the growing concern with in-work poverty, however, it remains a relatively under-examined topic – particularly in relation to developments in atypical work and multiple jobholding. This paper presents an analysis of in-work poverty among various types of workers in Europe, based on data from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. The study finds that in-work poverty rates are higher for employees with temporary contracts and self-employed workers than for employees with permanent contracts. However, self-employed have a higher poverty risk than employees with temporary contracts using the relative income method, but a lower in-work poverty risk using the subjective poverty method. This finding may be related to the non-trivial problems that come with objective income statistics for the self-employed. Furthermore, in-work poverty rates were in 2016 higher than in 2006 for various types of workers, though the increase seems particularly marked among self-employed workers. Multiple jobholding lowers the risk of in-work poverty for all types of workers, though particularly for self-employed workers the odds of being poor seem to be lower for those who combine multiple jobs. The findings demonstrate the merits and drawbacks of different in-work poverty methods and measures, and points to the importance of a better understanding of poverty profiles of self-employed workers in particular
ANALISIS KRITIK SOSIAL DALAM ANTOLOGI PUISI POTRET PEMBANGUNAN KARYA W.S. RENDRA
No full textThe problems raised relate to literary criticism in the poem W.S. Rendra. Poetry is one of the right literature to describe the mind of the author, concerning the social life of the community with its various inequalities, as well as one of the media to convey criticism to individuals and groups. The purpose of this research is to keep literary works away from deviant things that endanger the existence of the author. The method used in this study is qualitative method. The data analysis techniques the authors used in this study are : 1)Read Poetry by W.S. Rendra carefully. 2) then write the value of social criticism contained in the poem. 3) Mark supporting sentences containing social criticism. 4) Analyze social criticism based on data obtained. Social criticism contained in the poem by W.S. Rendra entitled Sajak Orang Miskin, Sajak Joki Tobing untuk Widuri, Sajak Seonggok Jagung, Sajak Pertemuan Mahasiswa, and Sajak Sebatang Lisong contains social criticisms that include the related social life faced by society, the social life gaps experienced by students, and the social lives of the rich and poor people
Older workers: the view of Dutch employers in a European perspective
No full textObjective: In most Western countries, macro-level actors realise there are major challenges ahead in dealing with an ageing society. Demographic developments will have large consequences for welfare state expenditures and will profoundly alter the composition and level of labour supply on the labour market. Although various measures to raise the participation levels of older workers have been suggested for a good length of time now, there is still only limited insight into how employers are behaving towards older workers. The aim of this dissertation is to improve our understanding of employers’ attitudes and actions towards older workers. Design/methodology/approach: The central questions of this study are (1) whether Dutch employers’ behaviour has been changing over time and (2) how European employers are behaving towards older workers, offering the opportunity to analyse behaviour of Dutch employers in a European perspective. To answer these questions, a questionnaire was developed and international survey data was jointly collected within the framework of a research project called ‘Activating Senior Potential in Ageing Europe’ [ASPA]. Consortium partners of the ASPA-project collected survey data among employers in eight European countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The surveys were sent to company directors, owners and heads of HR departments (‘employers’) and ‘older workers’ were defined as workers aged 50 years and older. Besides survey research, all consortium partners conducted case study research at the organisational level in their own country. Findings: This dissertation shows that in the Netherlands, retention behaviour has been modestly changing over the last decade, which seems to be incited by institutional changes. However, older workers’ recruitment and retention levels are still low in the whole of Europe and employers rather retain than recruit older workers. European employers associate an ageing staff primarily with an increasing gap between labour costs and productivity and this expected labour cost-productivity gap is especially an issue in the Netherlands. Nevertheless, employers expecting a labour cost-productivity gap do not apply more organisational measures to bridge this gap. Employers think that effective governmental policies to increase the labour force participation of older workers are predominantly to be found in the combination of work and retirement. Originality/ value: The dissertation addresses the employers’ perspective on older workers and extension of working lives; a perspective that is often neglected in the scientific literature compared to attitudes and behaviour of older workers themselves and research on institutional arrangements. This paper is also among the first to report on employers’ policies and practices from a cross-national perspective. Additionally, in terms of societal relevance it is of vital importance to address issues on the demand side, as employers are one of the key players in defining opportunities as well as restrictions for extension of working lives. Knowledge of employers’ attitudes and actions towards older workers and their views on prolongation of working lives makes it easier to anticipate the feasibility of governmental policy measures in this field and organisations may benefit from this knowledge when developing and introducing personnel policies
Ageing and employers' perceptions of labour costs and productivity: a survey among European employers
Get PDFPurpose: This paper examines employers’ perceptions of changes of the labour cost-productivity gap due to the ageing of the workforce, the effects of tenure wages and employment protect ion on the perceived gap and whether a perceived labour cost-productivity gap affects employers’ recruitment and retention behaviour towards older workers. Methodology: We analyze surveys administered to employers in Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and Sweden. Findings: Approximately half of the employers associate the ageing of the personnel staff with a growing gap between labour costs and productivity. Both the presence of tenure wages and employment protection rules increase the probability that employers perceive a widening labour cost-productivity gap due to the ageing of their workforce. A counterfactual shows that even when employment protection and tenure wage systems are abolished 40 percent of the employers expect a net cost increase. The expected labour cost-productivity gap negatively affects both recruitment and retention of older workers. Originality: The wage-productivity gap is examined by the perceptions of employers using an international comparative survey
Goed werkgeverschap
No full textEen breder perspectief op goed werkgeverschap, waarin niet alleen economische waarden maar een meer holistisch 'working as humans' perspectief centraal staat, zou kunnen bijdragen aan het verlagen van uitval en het verminderen van geschillen tussen werkgevers en werknemers – geschillen die vaak ontstaan doordat werknemers zich niet gewaardeerd voelen
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