1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Funktionella gruppöverföringsreagens för hållbar funktionalisering av småmolekyler
No full textOmrådet syntetisk organisk kemi utvecklas kontinuerligt för att möta den växande efterfrågan på effektiva, selektiva och hållbara funktionaliseringsmetoder. Bland dessa framsteg har innovativa, robusta och katalytiska strategier som fotoredoxkatalys, elektrokemi, mekanokemi eller helt enkelt termisk aktivering dykt upp som centrala verktyg för att möjliggöra komplexa molekylära transformationer. Detta arbete utforskar två banbrytande strategier för funktionell gruppöverföring, med fokus på (i) utvecklingen av ett stabilt bromineringsreagens aktiverat av värme för olika organiska synteser och (ii) designen av nya 15N-märkta nitrerings- och nitrooxylerande reagens under milda termiska och fotokatalytiska förhållanden. Det första projektet främjar halogeneringskemin genom att introducera ett stabilt, kolbaserat bromeringsreagens för vicinal dibrominering av omättade C−C bindningar. Denna kommersiellt tillgängliga, lätthanterliga solid visar överlägsen prestanda jämfört med befintliga alternativ. Jämfört med den klassiska N-bromsuccinimiden (NBS) erbjuder detta reagens större stabilitet och enklare hantering som ett icke-hygroskopiskt fast ämne; tillåter modulär design för avstämbar reaktivitet genom ställningsvariation, undviker farliga radikalinitiatorer eller fotokemisk aktivering (UV-ljus), möjliggör kontrollerad överföring av två bromatomer i ett steg, och förbättrar selektiviteten och minimerar överbromination i elektronrika eller komplexa system. Dess effektivitet är uppenbar i olika transformationer, inklusive direkt brominering av hetero(aromater), ipso-brominering, funktionalisering av ketoner och brominering av alifatiska kolväten, alkener, allener och alkyner, allt utan behov av traditionella toxiska halogenkällor. Mekanistiska undersökningar avslöjar en polär mekanism, där klyvningen utav C–Br bindningen sker genom mild uppvärmning, följt av stabilisering av Br+ av en Lewis-syra, vilket slutligen bildar Br2 in situ för ytterligare bromineringsreaktioner. Det andra projektet utnyttjar kraften i organisk fotokatalys och mild termisk metod för att konstruera kvävefunktionaliserade molekyler med isotopmärkta 15N-reagens. Dessa transformationer ger en enkel väg till värdefulla 15NO2-, 15NO3- och 15NH2-funktionaliserade föreningar, som är väsentliga i läkemedel, jordbrukskemikalier och mekanistiska studier. Detta arbete inkluderar inte undersökningar av kinetiska isotopeffekter eller in situ NMR-analys, vilket skulle kunna erbjuda djupare insikter i 15N-märkningens roll i reaktionsvägar. Även om sådana studier är planerade för framtida arbete, fokuserar den aktuella studien enbart på att demonstrera genomförbarheten och syntetisk översättning till 15N-märkta reagens, inklusive en utforskning av reaktionens omfattning. Sammantaget bidrar detta arbete till att främja selektiva funktionaliseringsmetoder, vilket överbryggar gapet mellan grundläggande mekanistiska studier och praktiska tillämpningar inom syntetisk kemi. The field of synthetic organic chemistry continuously evolves to meet the growing demand for efficient, selective, and sustainable functionalization methods. Among these advancements, innovative, robust, and catalytic strategies approaches such as photoredox catalysis, electrochemistry, mechanochemistry or simply thermal activation have emerged as pivotal tools for enabling complex molecular transformations. This work explores two cutting-edge strategies for functional group transfer, focusing on (i) the development of a bench-stable brominating reagent activated by heat for diverse organic syntheses and (ii) the design of novel 15N-labeled nitrating and nitrooxylating reagents under mild thermal and photocatalytic conditions. The first project advances halogenation chemistry by introducing a bench-stable, carbon-based brominating reagent capable of vicinal dibromination of unsaturated C−C bonds. This commercially available, easy-to-handle solid demonstrates superior performance compared to existing alternatives. Indeed, compared to the classic N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), this reagent offers greater stability and ease of handling as a non-hygroscopic solid; allows modular design for tunable reactivity through scaffold variation, avoids hazardous radical initiators or photochemical activation (UV light), enables controlled transfer of two bromine atoms in one step, and improves selectivity and minimizes overbromination in electron-rich or complex systems. Its efficiency is evident in various transformations, including direct bromination of hetero(aromatics), ipso-bromination, functionalization of ketones, and bromination of aliphatics, alkenes, allenes, and alkynes, all without the need for traditional toxic halogen sources. Mechanistic investigations reveal a polar mechanism, where a C–Br bond cleavage occur by mild heating, following by the stabilization of Br+ by a Lewis acid, ultimately forming Br2 in situ for further bromination reactions. The second project harnesses the power of organic photocatalysis and mild thermal approach to construct nitrogen-functionalized molecules using isotopically labeled 15N reagents. These transformations provide a straightforward route to valuable 15NO2, 15NO3, and 15NH2-functionalized compounds, which are essential in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and mechanistic studies. This work does not include investigations on kinetic isotope effects or in situ NMR analysis, which could offer deeper insight into the role of 15N-labeling in reaction pathways. While such studies are planned for future work, the present study focuses solely on demonstrating the feasibility and synthetic translation to 15N-labeled reagents, including an exploration of reaction scope. Overall, this work contributes to the advancement of selective functionalization methods, bridging the gap between fundamental mechanistic studies and practical applications in synthetic chemistry.
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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