1,721,026 research outputs found
Il contributo di Isidoro di Siviglia all’ordo iudiciarius medievale
No full textThe author examines the passages of the whole opera of Isidore of Seville about procedure. Using freely the roman law tradition, the spanish bishop traces a model of 'ordo judiciarius' suitable for both ecclesiastical and civil cases. A model which expounded in the european continent and resists so far the early middle age
CULTURAL HERITAGE RECONSTRUCTION FROM HISTORICAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND VIDEOS
Full text linkHistorical archives save invaluable treasures and play a critical role in the conservation of Cultural Heritage. Old photographs and videos, which have survived over time and stored in these archives, preserve traces of architecture and urban transformation and, in many cases, are the only evidence of buildings that no longer exist. They are a precious source of enormous informative potential in Cultural Heritage documentation and save invaluable treasures. Thanks to photogrammetric techniques it is possible to extract metric information from these sources useful for 3D virtual reconstructions of monuments and historic buildings. This paper explores the ways to search for, classify and group historical data by considering their possible use in metric documentation and aims to provide an overview of criticality and open issues of the methodologies that could be used to process these data. A practical example is described and presented as a case study. The video “Torino 1928”, an old movie dating from the 1930s, was processed for reconstructing the temporary pavilions of the “Exposition” held in Turin in 1928. Despite the initial concerns relating to processing this kind of data, the experimental methodology used in this research has allowed to reach a quality of results of acceptable standard
BENCHMARK OF METRIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN PHOTOGRAMMETRIC RECONSTRUCTION FOR HISTORICAL FILM FOOTAGE
Full text linkQuality assessment in photogrammetric processing is fundamental to obtain metric information and to reconstruct 3D models of Cultural Heritage, especially when it has been lost or changed over time. The determination of metric precision is technically challenging when dealing with historical films and videos that in many cases represent the only remaining traces of this heritage, which is useful for architectural, archaeological and restoration studies. This paper examines the suitability of existing photogrammetric software to evaluate the maximum possible metric accuracy for processing videos shot with fixed camera motions. In order to evaluate the metric quality obtained processing historical film footage with photogrammetric techniques, a benchmark was created on a new video dataset with the aim of reproducing the camera motions in which old video were shot. Three different camera motions were considered: Up/Down Motion-Tilting, Left/Right Motion-Trucking and Rolling Motion-Panning. The methodology was experimented on Valentino Castle in Turin, a monument inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Data were processed with the implementation of open source Structure-from-Motion algorithms and the results were analysed for the evaluation of metric quality. Results show the different maximum precision assessments according to the different typologies of camera motion. This research provides fundamental support to historical studies on Cultural Heritage, creating a sharing standard with zero-cost data and tools useful for both geomatics and restorers
Comparative Evaluation of NeRF Algorithms on Single Image Dataset for 3D Reconstruction
Full text linkThe reconstruction of three-dimensional scenes from a single image represents a significant challenge in computer vision, particularly in the context of cultural heritage digitisation, where datasets may be limited or of poor quality. This paper addresses this challenge by conducting a study of the latest and most advanced algorithms for single-image 3D reconstruction, with a focus on applications in cultural heritage conservation. Exploiting different single-image datasets, the research evaluates the strengths and limitations of various artificial intelligence-based algorithms, in particular Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF), in reconstructing detailed 3D models from limited visual data. The study includes experiments on scenarios such as inaccessible or non-existent heritage sites, where traditional photogrammetric methods fail. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of NeRF-based approaches in producing accurate, high-resolution reconstructions suitable for visualisation and metric analysis. The results contribute to advancing the understanding of NeRF-based approaches in handling single-image inputs and offer insights for real-world applications such as object location and immersive content generation
I poli dell’architettura tra cultura umanistica e cultura scientifica
No full textLa disciplina dell’architettura e del design si occupa di offrire risposte e risultati concreti all’organizzazione e alla composizione spaziale dei luoghi in cui si svolgono le attività umane. Sono, dunque, enunciate le funzioni fondamentali che orientano architetti e progettisti del Movimento Moderno nel codificare i principi e gli assunti che caratterizzano il gusto, le mode, gli stili del XX secolo. Tutta la storia del Movimento Moderno e delle correnti di pensiero hanno costituito le sperimentazioni e le diverse declinazione della successione e del primato di uno dei quattro poli sopra descritti.
L’Europa è il centro di una rivoluzione estetico-culturale in grado di affermarsi e diffondersi in tutto il mondo ed esprime le ragioni alla base della costruzione degli stati democratici. Anche se il XX secolo sarà lo scenario di tragici conflitti bellici e dello scontro tra nazismo e comunismo, non si può dimenticare l’importanza dell’evoluzione economica e socio-culturale del cosiddetto secolo breve.
Il ruolo dell’architettura e del design si esprime attraverso la integrazione di quattro elementi. Non è possibile raggiungere un traguardo innovativo se i quattro elementi dell’architettura non si fondono completamente in un unico oggetto che sia esso emblematico o paradigmatico.
Come è noto per emblematica consideriamo un’opera che rappresenta pienamente una data epoca e una data idea di società, mentre, per pragmatica consideriamo un’opera che codifica i principi del cambiamento, anticipando una nuova visione di società attraverso l’affermarsi di nuovi canoni estetici.
Possiamo, quindi, affermare che la storia del gusto e dell’arte è l’evoluzione e l’alternanza di eventi emblematici e paradigmatici e un susseguirsi costante nel tempo e nello spazio.
I poli dell’architettura sono costituiti da elementi simbolici e da elementi fisici. Gli elementi simbolici, possiamo definirli anche entità empatiche che appartengono alla sfera delle idee, del pensiero, della immaginazione.
Sono la forma e il significato; per forma si intende l’idea originaria di una data opera, mentre per significato si intende lo scopo, la ragione per cui si intende realizzare un’opera. Nella forma nel significato si racchiudono gli ideali collettivi di una società, lo spirito unitario di una comunità, la concezione estetica di tutti coloro che si riconoscono in un popolo e la forza etica delle idee in comunione degli esseri umani in un dato luogo e in un dato tempo
I beni delle piae causae tra beneficienza e vincolo fiduciario
No full textIl regime dei beni conferiti agli enti di beneficenza e assistenza deriva dagli assetti elaborati dal diritto canonico medievale. Anche casi molto recenti richiamano questo collegamento
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF FEATURE EXTRACTION IN SFM ALGORITHMS FOR 3D SPARSE POINT CLOUD
Full text linkThe use of Structure-from-Motion algorithms is a common practice to obtain a rapid photogrammetric reconstruction. However, the performance of these algorithms is limited by the fact that in some conditions the resulting point clouds present low density. This is the case when processing materials from historical archives, such as photographs and videos, which generates only sparse point clouds due to the lack of necessary information in the photogrammetric reconstruction. This paper explores ways to improve the performance of open source SfM algorithms in order to guarantee the presence of strategic feature points in the resulting point cloud, even if sparse. To reach this objective, a photogrammetric workflow is proposed to process historical images. The first part of the workflow presents a method that allows the manual selection of feature points during the photogrammetric process. The second part evaluates the metric quality of the reconstruction on the basis of a comparison with a point cloud that has a different density from the sparse point cloud. The workflow was applied to two different case studies. Transformations of wall paintings of the Karanlık church in Cappadocia were analysed thanks to the comparison of 3D model resulting from archive photographs and a recent survey. Then a comparison was performed between the state of the Komise building in Japan, before and after restoration. The findings show that the method applied allows the metric scale and evaluation of the model also in bad condition and when only low-density point clouds are available. Moreover, this tool should be of great use for both art and architecture historians and geomatics experts, to study the evolution of Cultural Heritage
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