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PARISH (PARametric simulation of In-Source Hadronic interactions)
No full text<p>PARISH (PARametric simulation of In-Source Hadronic interactions) is a software that emulates hadronic interactions for the considered Hadronic Interaction models (HIMs) currently available.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>PARametric simulation of In-Source Hadronic interactions (PARISH) v1.0 </strong></p>
<p>Please cite as:</p>
<p>Antonio Condorelli and Sergio Petrera "PARametric simulation of In-Source Hadronic interactions (PARISH) v1.0". Zenodo (2024)</p>
<p><strong>The program parish </strong></p>
<p>The program parish is a Monte Carlo emulating hadronic interactions of protons or nuclei with energy from 10<sup>16 </sup>to 10<sup>20</sup>eV-per-nucleon colliding with protons. It uses parametric functions for the inelastic cross section, the rapidity distributions of particle secondaries and distributions of the nuclear fragments. It is intended to be used in the context of the propagation of Ultra-High Ener<strong>g</strong>y Cosmic Rays (UHECR) in the environment of an extended astrophysical source. The approximations assumed in the model prevent from its use in any other context.<strong> </strong>For a description of the method and assumptions, refer to …</p>
<p><strong>Authors</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Antonio Condorelli: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></li>
<li>Sergio Petrera: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>References</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>PARISH : Reference : Antonio Condorelli and Sergio Petrera,</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Hadronic interaction models :</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>EPOS LHC: T. Pierog et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.034906" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Phys.Rev. C92 (2015) 034906</a></li>
<li>SIBYLL2.3d: F. Riehn, R. Engel, A. Fedynitch, T.K. Gaisser, and T. Stanev, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.063002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Phys. Rev. D 102, 063002 (2020)</a> and E.-J. Ahn, R. Engel, T.K. Gaisser, P. Lipari, and T. Stanev, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.80.094003" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Phys.Rev. D80 (2009) 09400</a>3</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Compilation</strong></p>
<p>To compile the software, an elementary example is provided in the Parish folder: <u>example.cc.</u> The parish source code is in the sub-folder src. the file CMakeLists.txt is prepared to compile example.cc. via the tool <a href="https://cmake.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CMAKE</a>.</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>The command sequence is to compile <u>example.cc</u> is as follows:</p>
<p>· cmake .</p>
<p>· make</p>
<p><strong>Run</strong></p>
<p>Run the program by executing</p>
<p>./example</p>
<p>to get the following help: USAGE:</p>
<p><span>./example [-s] [-e] [-d] [-N <int>] [-E <double>] [-A <int] [-h]</span></p>
<p>Where:</p>
<p> </p>
<p><span>-s use Sibyll2.3d parameterization</span></p>
<p><span>-e use EPOS-LHC parameterization</span></p>
<p><span>-d force all unstable particles (but neutrons) to decay</span></p>
<p><span>-N <int> number of collisions</span></p>
<p><span>-E <double> projectile energy in eV</span></p>
<p><span>-A <int> target mass number</span></p>
<p><span>-h usage info</span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><strong>Output</strong></p>
<p>In the example, no output file is generated. Instead a list of interaction products is printed out.</p>
<p><span>./example -s -N 1 -d -E 16e16 -A 16</span></p>
<p><span>>>> PARISH version 1.0</span></p>
<p><span>Hadronic interactions generated with Sibyll2.3d (parametric)</span></p>
<p><span>Inelastic cross section = 406.821 mb</span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span>Generating 1 events for E = 1.6e+17 A = 16</span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span>** evt 0 : pions 0 baryons 3 neutrinos 48 e.m. 34 protons 3 fragments 3</span></p>
<p><span>0. lgE = 10.9137 photon</span></p>
<p><span>1. lgE = 10.3808 photon</span></p>
<p><span>2. lgE = 12.205 antinu-mu</span></p>
<p><span>3. lgE = 11.7202 nu-mu</span></p>
<p><span>4. lgE = 11.5897 antinu-e</span></p>
<p><span>… …</span></p>
<p><span>80. lgE = 8.11433 antinu-e</span></p>
<p><span>81. lgE = 8.23969 e-</span></p>
<p><span>82. lgE = 15.7548 n</span></p>
<p><span>83. lgE = 15.4065 p</span></p>
<p><span>84. lgE = 10.5957 p</span></p>
<p><span>85. lgE = 17.0792 A = 12</span></p>
<p><span>86. lgE = 16.4771 A = 3</span></p>
<p><span>87. lgE = 16 A = 1</span></p>
<p><span>CPU time used: 0.002672 s</span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span>The generated particles are accessible via the standard </span><span>vector<pair<int, double></span><span>, having as first element a particle code and second element the energy of the particle in eV(*).</span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span>Particle-code name</span></p>
<p><span>0 </span><span> photon</span></p>
<p><span>1 </span><span> e-</span></p>
<p><span>2 </span><span> e+</span></p>
<p><span>3 </span><span> nu-e</span></p>
<p><span>4 </span><span> nu-mu</span></p>
<p><span>5 </span><span> antinu-e</span></p>
<p><span>6 </span><span> antinu-mu</span></p>
<p><span>7 </span><span> pi0</span></p>
<p><span>8 </span><span> pi-</span></p>
<p><span>9 </span><span> pi+</span></p>
<p><span>10 </span><span> p</span></p>
<p><span>11 </span><span> n</span></p>
<p><span>1000+A nucleus of mass number A</span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span>The limited list of products generated in the output relies on the `lightest hadrons’ assumption, motivated in the paper …</span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span>(*) Very rare cases with negative energies tag the occurrence of pion energies exceeding the maximum kinematical value. They are generated by the assumption of a fixed value of the pion transverse mass (= 0.38 GeV). The treatment of these rare cases is left to the user.</span></p>
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PARISH (PARametric simulation of In-Source Hadronic interactions)
No full text<p>PARISH (PARametric simulation of In-Source Hadronic interactions) is a software that emulates hadronic interactions for the considered Hadronic Interaction models (HIMs) currently available.</p>
PARISH (PARametric simulation of In-Source Hadronic interactions)
No full text<p>PARISH (PARametric simulation of In-Source Hadronic interactions) is a software that emulates hadronic interactions for the considered Hadronic Interaction models (HIMs) currently available.</p>
PARISH (PARametric simulation of In-Source Hadronic interactions)
No full text<p>PARISH (PARametric simulation of In-Source Hadronic interactions) is a software that emulates hadronic interactions for the considered Hadronic Interaction models (HIMs) currently available.</p>
Data Survey and Management Techniques in Civil Protection Emergencies
No full textCalamitous events cause modifications in soil morphology and damages in infrastructures. The knowledge of these modifications
can be very useful for the Civil Protection operations. However, survey operations, even if they are supported by the most modern
geomatic technologies, are still very difficult, if they are not impossible, because of the adverse operative conditions, like for
examples: difficulties for moving in zones subjected to thunderstorms, or short sight conditions determined by volcanic eruptions.
Not all of the usual surveying techniques, in these conditions, can be successfully applied. Therefore it is important to arrange
instruments and methodologies for surveys, studied and tested for different scenarios, to front timely and effectually the need of the
case. Among the most technologically advanced approaches, it is very important to quote laser scanning, very effective and quick
to evaluate the damages suffered from operas and infrastructures (buildings, bridges, road embankments, ..), and multispectral
images’ analysis, useful for the research of dispersed polluting substances owing to the spill of transported hazmat or for the
environmental analysis related to the occur of fires or volcanic eruptions. The contribution of the techniques of aerial and terrestrial
photogrammetry, for the definition of the new morphology caused by remarkable hydro-geological damages, is always valid.
Besides, it is important to avoid neglecting the new potentialities of the modern robotic topographical instruments, very useful for
the traditional approaches for the soils and buildings, and of satellite positioning, that, especially in RTK modality, can find an
application for the positioning of helps and even to individuate a perimeter for the interested areas (for example, landslides and
flooded surfaces). In this paper it is proposed a wide overview of scenarios and thr consequently necessity of surveying that can be
determined after calamitous events, with a particular attention to the effects induced by seismic events and hydro-geological
damages, forest fires and volcanic eruptions; case by case, it is suggested, on the basis of precedent experiences achieved in this
field, the most suitable techniques of surveying and of data management
Software and dataset for the paper "Closing the net on transient sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays"
No full text<p>This folder is associated to the work "Closing the net on transient sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays", by S. Marafico, J. Biteau, A. Condorelli, O. Deligny & J. Bregeon (ApJ 2024). </p>
<p>The aim of the work is to provide an astrophysical interpretation to UHECR data, namely spectrum, composition and arrival direction, in the hypothesis of a transient scenario.</p>
<p>For this reason, the code has a modular structure: it is divided in modules dealing with data, modules dealing with the expected observables under given hypothesis, and then some functions to fit them.</p>
<p>The plot attached as pdf files show the expected results in the transient scenario hypothesis following the reference scenario presented in the publication.</p>
<p>References are listed in a dedicated GitLab <a href="https://gitlab.in2p3.fr/micro/micro_combined_fit/-/releases/v1.0">repository</a>.</p>
Material for the paper "Ring closing on transient sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays"
No full text<p>This plot shows a the expected spectrum, composition and arrival direction in the transient scenario hypothesis.</p><p>References are listed in a dedicated GitLab <a href="https://gitlab.in2p3.fr/micro/micro_combined_fit">repository</a>.</p>
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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