1,720,966 research outputs found
Effect of different rabbit prime cuts on raw and cooked proximate composition, cholesterol and fatty acids contents and nutrients true retention
No full textDespite the nutritive content of rabbit meat is well documented, the relationship between the nutritional profile and the true retention (TR) of different raw and cooked rabbit prime cuts has never been evaluated before. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different rabbit prime cuts (Loin, LD, and hind leg, HL) on their raw and cooked proximate composition, cholesterol and fatty acid content, and nutrients TR. The LD had a higher protein and lower lipid and cholesterol contents than the HL (P<0.001). As a consequence of the lower moisture retention, the TR of protein, lipids, ash and cholesterol of the LD were higher than those of the HL. The differences between LD and HL for SFA, MUFA, PUFA, Linolenic acid, DHA, Linoleic acid, Ʃ n-6 and Ʃ n-3 contents were always significant (P<0.001) both in raw and cooked meat, with the HL presenting always higher values than the LD. Also the TR of each FA was greater in the LD than HL prime cut
Production and egg quality in brown hens kept in a cage-free system: effect of hen age and nest lighting
Full text linkThe study evaluated the effects of hen age and nest lighting on egg production and quality, and oviposition pattern from 26 to 45 weeks of age in 1800 Lohmann Brown-Classic hens housed in 8 pens of an aviary system. From 17 to 26 weeks of age, half pens had the nest opened with the inner led light turned on 1.5 h before turning on the installation light (5:30); the other half had the nests closed until turning on the installation light and without any inner led light. Measurements were taken weekly and monthly. As hen age increased, the oviposition rate (p < .001) increased from 89.1% housed hens (on average of 26–34 weeks) to 92.8% (34–45 weeks). Both the oviposition rate of broken and dirty eggs decreased from the first period (5.13% and 7.65% on average, respectively) to the second period (2.28% and 4.21%) (p < .001). The weight and width of the eggs increased and the shape index decreased as age increased (p < .001). As for oviposition pattern from 26 to 45 weeks, eggs laid in the first hours (5:30–7:30) decreased (76.4–45.8% of eggs laid in 24 h), whereas eggs laid in the rest of the day increased (p < .001). Moreover, eggs laid in the nest (as % eggs laid in each time interval) between 5:30 and 7:30 (77.9–86.4%) and between 7:30 and 9:30 (68.3–84.7%) increased from 26 to 45 weeks (p < .001). A significant decrease of broken eggs (% eggs laid in each time interval) was also recorded for the eggs laid within 9:30 when the hen age increased. The use of nest lighting from 17 to 26 weeks increased oviposition rate in the following period (26–45 weeks) from 90.1% to 92.3% (p < .001), decreased egg weight, width, and surface (p < .001) as well as the rate of broken (4.22–3.43%; p < .001) and dirty eggs (5.98–5.65%; p = .10), whereas the rate of defective eggs was not affected. The oviposition pattern (i.e. distribution of eggs laid in the different daily time intervals) did not change. In the first time interval (5:50–7:30), eggs laid in the nest were higher (83.2% vs. 80.2% eggs laid in the time interval; p < .01) and broken eggs lower (4.83% vs. 7.01%; p < .01) in the case of the presence of nest lighting. Based on the above results, changes in the oviposition during the day according to hen age must be considered in cage-free systems to assure a correct use of nests. As for early nest lighting, further investigation is worth in view of the positive effects on egg production and quality, and on nest use
Effect of carbon monoxide for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) slaughtering on stress response and fillet shelf life
No full textThe effect of carbon monoxide (CO) as stunning method in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) on stress indicators
(adrenaline, A; noradrenaline, NAD) and on fillets quality during the shelf life has been investigated. The CO
was dissolved into tanks with salmon for 8 and 20 min to obtain fish groups CO8 and CO20, respectively.
These groups were compared to a non-stressed control group (C). All the fish were hauled out from the tank
and killed by percussion. Adrenaline content of CO20 group was 1.8 and 1.7-fold higher than CO8 and C groups
respectively (P b 0.001), which exhibited similar values. Noradrenaline content was higher in CO20 than in C
group (8.1 vs. 5.4 ng/ml plasma; P b 0.0001). The CO treatment resulted in a small significant increase in lightness
and yellowness, not altering the overall “natural” colour of the fillet. CO treatment caused a rapid onset of
rigor mortis and a small but significant increase in drip loss (P b 0.05)
Color of nest curtains: effects on egg and hens position in an aviary system
No full textThe study evaluated the effects of the colour of nest curtains on hens preference based on egg and hen position in an aviary consisting of two tiers with collective nests and a third uppermost level with perches. To this purpose, 1,800 brown hens were housed in 8 pens according to four combinations (2 pens/group, 225 hens/pen): nests with red (R) or yellow (Y) curtains in all tiers; or nests with R and Y curtains on the first and second tier, respectively (R/Y); or nests with Y and R curtains on the first and second tier, respectively (Y/R). From 28 to 37 weeks of age, on average, eggs laid in the nest (nest eggs) were 80.9% of the total, 17.1% were laid on tiers out of the nest and 2.0% on the floor; additionally, 44.3% of eggs were laid at the first tier while 53.7% at the second tier. As for hen position, 33.6% of hens were observed on the floor, 18.5% on the first tier, 43.0% at the higher levels (30.9% at the second tier and 12.1% at perches of the uppermost level), and 5.0% in the nests (average of all recordings). As for the effect of curtain colour, the rate of nest eggs was higher in Y/R than in Y pens (81.4% vs. 79.9%; P<0.05), without differences with R and R/Y pens (81.0% and 81.1%, respectively). Then, the rate of eggs laid at the first tier was the lowest in R/Y pens (41.5% vs. 44.4% in Y/R, 45.3% in R, and 46.0% in Y pens; P<0.001), whereas an opposite trend was recorded at the second tier (56.5% in R/Y vs. 53.1% in Y/R pens, 52.0% in Y pens, and 52.8% in R pens; P<0.001). The highest rate of hens on the floor was observed in Y/R compared to R/Y pens (34.2% vs. 30.8%; P<0.05), whereas the other treatments showed similar values (32.9% and 32.5% in Y and R pens, respectively). Thus, the rate of hens on the top levels was the highest in R/Y (46.1%) compared to R pens (43.8%; P<0.05), whereas similar rates were observed in Y/R and Y pens (44.1% and 44.9%, respectively). Based on results of nest use and hen position, we could conclude that yellow curtains got the preference of hens and moved them on the tiers equipped with yellow curtains when red and yellow curtains were used in the same pen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Impiego della Spettroscopia nel vicino infrarosso (NIRS) per predire la qualità del filetto di 5 ceppi genetici di trota iridea (Oncorhynchus mykiss) allevati in 3 diversi allevamenti del Trentino Alto Adige
No full textLo studio ha valutato le caratteristiche qualitative di filetti di trota provenienti da 5 ceppi genetici (La Frola –Italia; Trout Lodge –USA; Isola di Man –UK; Batocchi –Italia; Dellai –Italia) e 3 allevamenti (IASMA -indoor, Storo e Vigolo Vattaro entrambe outdoor) presenti in regione Trentino Alto Adige. Sono stati presi in considerazione 10 pesci per ceppo e per allevamento ed analizzati i rispettivi filetti crudi liofilizzati (n=150). Le analisi hanno riguardato resa in filetto, composizione centesimale ed profilo acidico. Ogni aliquota è stata letta in doppio in riflettanza con strumento FOSS Nirsystem 5000 (1100-2500 nm, gap 2 nm) utilizzando cellette circolari da 50 mm di diametro. I ri sultati hanno fornito ottime predizioni nel caso dei lipidi e dell’umidità (R2cv= 0,96, SECV=0,24; R2cv= 0,95, SECV=0,35, rispettivamente), discrete per le proteine (R2cv= 0,67, SECV=0,56) e scarse per ceneri e resa in filetto. Relativamente al profilo acidico, sono stati rilevati elevati valori di R2cv per C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6, PUFAn-6, PUFAn-3, SFA (0,82, 0,83, 0,83, 0,90 e 0,78, rispettivamente). L’analisi discriminante, mediante analisi delle componenti principali dei dati spettrali, ha permesso di segregare i 3 diversi allevamenti di appartenenza, ottenendo buoni risultati per IASMA (92% classificati correttamente) e Vigolo Vattaro (78% classificati correttamente). Per quanto riguarda il ceppo genetico, la proporzione di campioni correttamente classificati ha raggiunto il 77% e il 63% per La Frola e Trout Lodge, rispettivamente. Lo studio ha dimostrato che la spettroscopia NIR è una tecnologia che può essere impiegata per la predizione della composizione centesimale e del profilo acidico in filetti di trota iridea e che può rappresentare un’interessante applicazione per discriminare filetti di trota allevati in sistemi diversi
Carbon monoxide as stunning/killing method on farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ): effects on lipid and cholesterol oxidation
No full textBACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide (CO) has been recently utilized as a new stunning/killing procedure for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Its effects on lipid and cholesterol oxidation of farmed Atlantic salmon fillets were evaluated at two times of refrigerated (2.5°C) storage, T0 (64h after death) and T14 (14days from T0). The use of CO was compared with the commonly utilized percussion (P) method. RESULTS: Fatty acid profile, primary (conjugated dienes) and secondary (TBARS) oxidation products, cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) and carotenoids were unaffected by the killing method. Despite the low oxidative status of lipid (0.66 and 0.60mg malondialdehyde kg-1 muscle in P and CO fish respectively), cholesterol was found to be highly oxidized (0.17 and 0.13mg COPs kg-1). Storage significantly affected oxidative stability of fish muscle by increasing oxidation products. Interestingly, TBARS content doubled while the increase for COPs was not homogeneous: α- and β-epoxycholesterol increased by 25%, whereas triol and 7-ketocholesterol increased by 48 and 62% respectively. CONCLUSION: The quality of salmon fillets just after slaughtering and after 14 days of refrigerated storage at 2.5°C did not change, irrespective of the killing method adopted, suggesting that the CO method may be applied without any detrimental effect on the quality of fish fillets
Changes in ovoposion time in brown hens during the cycle in an aviary system
No full textThe oviposition time of hens is known to be affected by genotype and age. In cage-free systems, egg collection should be adjusted to the oviposition pattern more strictly compared to cage systems to optimize egg quality. Thus, the present study evaluated changes in oviposition time during the production cycle in 1,800 Lohmann Brown-Classic hens kept in an aviary system made of two tiers, equipped with collective nests, perches, nipple drinkers and automatic feeding, and a third level with perches and feeders. The aviary was divided in 8 pens (225 hens per pen) which were joined by 45 weeks of age by removing the nets between pens to have a unique system. Egg production at different time intervals (from light turning off to 7:30, 7:30-9:30, 9:30-11:30, 11:30-13:30, 13:30-15:30, 15:30-light turning-off) was measured every two weeks from 26 to 30 weeks and once per month from 37 to 58 weeks of age. Data were analysed using a mixed model with week as the main effect and pen as a random effect by the PROC MIXED of SAS (Statistical Analysis System) and means were compared by the Bonferroni t-test. Most of eggs were laid within 11:30 (average of all weeks: 95.29%). As for the first interval, the rate of laid eggs significantly decreased with age from 79.75% of the daily total (average of data collected during weeks 26-30) to 50.85% (data of weeks 37-58) (P<0.001). On the other hand, the rate of eggs laid in the second time interval increased from 14.28% (average of weeks 26-30) to 32.35% (average of weeks 37-58), and from 3.71% to 10.64% in the third time interval. Changes in the rate of eggs laid in the intervals 11:30-13:30 and 13:30-15:30 showed a rather consistent trend between the weeks 26-30 and the weeks 37-58 with lower values in the former period compared to the latter, whereas changes among weeks referred to the last interval (after 15:30) were most erratic. As
regards the eggs laid in the nest (as rate of the total eggs laid in each time interval), a significant effect of the age was recorded only for data referred to the first and second time intervals, i.e. within 7:30 and 7:30-9:30. In details, eggs laid in the nest increased from 77.26% (average of weeks 26-37) to 85.92% (average of weeks 41-58) at the first interval and from 70.21% to 84.35% at the second interval. In conclusion, the oviposition pattern was affected by age with earlier deposition in younger hens and improved use of nests in elder ones
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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