1,721,012 research outputs found
The effectiveness of non-substantive and substantive responses in the repair of employee trust in management
No full textEmployees’ trust in management is an important determinant of organizational effectiveness (Fukuyama, 1995). However, reports show that trust in management is generally low and reducing. The aim of the research documented in this thesis was to test the effectiveness of non-substantive responses (i.e., verbal) and substantive responses (i.e., behavioural) in the repair of employee trust in management, specifically supervisors, within a risk work context. The conditions under which these responses are effective, and the processes through which they operate, were also explored. Six empirical studies were carried out across gas, rail and healthcare industries. Using a combination of methods that drew on hypothetical, historical and real-time events, the studies revealed a number of key findings. First, the results showed an important role for the non-substantive response of an apology in the repair of employee trust. Non-substantive approaches that mitigate responsibility (i.e., justifications, denials, blame, excuses) were negatively related to trust. Second, a number of substantive responses were effective at repairing employee trust including a preventative procedure, monitoring and suspension. Analysis showed that these responses influenced employee trust by increasing perceptions of distributive justice, which increased the belief that management were repentant. Consistent with established research, repentance was positively related to trust. Interestingly, the results suggest that monitoring may reduce trust if it does not generate these mediating perceptions: a finding that was not shared with preventative procedures or suspension. Third, these main effects were moderated by the level of risk implicated in the event. When the risk is low, a non-substantive response was equally as effective in repairing employee trust as a substantive response. However, when risk is high, the combination of both a non-substantive and substantive response was required to repair trust. Fourth, in general, a substantive response implemented involuntarily (i.e., by the organization) was equally as effective as a response initiated voluntarily (i.e., by the member of management). Exceptions to this are when the target is of a high hierarchical status, and when an employee has been implicated in the event that reduced trust. In these cases, a voluntary response is more effective at repairing employee trust. Finally, preliminary results suggest implicit and explicit trust beliefs are largely separate constructs. Implicit trust beliefs are relatively stable therefore repair strategies need to be strong and targeted to impact upon these beliefs.
This research has important practical and theoretical implications. At a theoretical level, the research supports proposals made in accordance with attribution theory, that responses that are internally attributed are most effective in the repair of trust, whereas externally attributed responses are less effective. As one of the first studies to empirically test the effectiveness of substantive responses, it also expands existing models of trust repair to show an important role that can be played by behavioural responses, especially in the repair of high-risk violations. At a practical level, the research suggests that organizations can take an active role in repairing relations between employees and management by implementing effective substantive responses that do not simply punish management, but serve as a learning tool to help address the underlying cause of the violation
Transformational leadership, intrinsic motivation and trust: A moderated-mediated model of workplace safety
No full textTwo studies examine the role of motivation and trust in the relationship between safety-specific transformational leadership and employees' safety behavior. Study 1 tested the prediction that intrinsic and identified regulation motivations mediate the relationship between safety-specific transformational leadership and employees' safety behaviors. Study 2 further explored this relationship by testing the prediction that the mediating role of intrinsic motivation is dependent on employees' level of trust in their leader. Survey data from the U.K. construction industry supported both predictions. However, the mediating role of intrinsic motivation was found only for challenge safety citizenship behaviors (i.e., voice) and not for affiliative safety citizenship behaviors (i.e., helping). These findings suggest that employees' intrinsic motivation is important to the effectiveness of leaders' efforts to promote some but not all forms of safety behavior
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Risk information source preferences in construction workers
Full text linkPurpose - Many researchers have investigated the determinants of workers’ risk-taking / unsafe behaviours as a way to improve safety management and reduce accidents but there has been a general lack of research about workers’ risk information seeking behaviours or their source preferences for risk information. The aim of this study was to investigate whether occupational risk information source preference was risk independent (i.e. whether workers prefer to receive occupational risk information from proximal sources like supervisors and workmates regardless of the nature of the risk or the source’s expertise regarding that risk, or if they discriminated between information sources based on the type of risk being considered). Design/methodology/approach - Data were collected from 106 frontline construction workers who were recruited from a single building site within the UK with the help of the safety officer on site. The source from which workers preferred to receive information about a range of risks was measured using a ranking exercise. Specifically, workers were asked to rank five occupational sources (HSE, Safety Manager, Project Manager, Supervisor, Workmates) according to how much they preferred each one to deliver information about eight different risks (Asbestos, Back Pain, Site Transport, Heights, Slips / Trips, Housekeeping, and Site-Specific and Job-Specific Risks). Findings - We found that supervisors and safety managers were the most preferred sources of risk information overall, but a correspondence analysis suggested that workers’ risk information source preference is risk dependent and might be driven by source expertise. Practical implications - Our findings have important practical implications for the role of safety managers in risk communication and for building trust within high-hazard organisations. Originality/value - To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate risk information source preferences in an occupational setting
The role of trust in offshore safety : the development and testing of a new measurement tool
Full text linkMeasuring implicit trust and automatic attitude activation
No full textWhen researchers measure trust, they often use direct (explicit) measures like questionnaire surveys. This chapter considers the use of indirect (implicit) measures of trust, which rely on reaction times. These measures are less susceptible to the effects of response biases and are more likely to be indicative of spontaneous behaviours
The role of trust in offshore safety : the development and testing of a new measurement tool
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