1,720,964 research outputs found
International Immigration and Female Labour Supply
No full textOne of the key questions on international migration concerns its benefits and costs for the receiving economies. Assessing the overall net gain or loss to the economy from immigration is a challenging task both from a theoretical and an empirical point of view. Immigration can affect the receiving economy through several channels: wages or employment effects on native workers, changes in output structure, fiscal effects, effects on house prices, and so on. In this chapter we concentrate on one of the most important channel: the impact on wage and employment of natives. We consider the impact of immigration on a subgroup of the population that could particularly benefits from it, the female population. Moreover, because international migration may change the prevailing wage rates in the sectors where large number of migrants looks for a job, we focus on immigrants working in the household service sector. The underlying idea is that migrants could increase the availability of services to households, like child-care, housekeeping, or caring of elderly, reducing their market prices. This effect could induce women to change their decision on participation to the labour market. A first focus of the chapter is to answer to some specific questions: does immigration affect female labour market supply? Does it affect full-time and/or part-time jobs? Which native-born women are more affected? In doing that, we discuss more general issues related to the migration phenomenon. For instance, the first problem that arises is how to measure migration intensity and how to measure a change in the decision about participating or not to the labour market. After a brief general discussion we present, in the second section of the chapter, the definition of the variables and the empirical approach we adopt to estimate the relevant impacts on the female labour supply. The results are presented in the third section of the chapter. In the empirical analysis we use data of countries with quite different institutions (Australia, Germany, Switzerland, UK, and the US ). This gives us the opportunity to understand whether the effect of migrants on female labour supply is relevant in countries where policies are more or less supportive to families. These policy-related results are discussed in a separate section. Some conclusions follow in the last section of the chapter
A re-examination of constrained Pareto inefficiency in economies with incomplete markets
Full text linkWe establish that, when the number of agents is sufficiently large, but finite, there are open sets of economies with constrained Pareto inefficient equilibria and provide a simple sufficient condition for constrained inefficiency. We also show that there are open sets of economies with constrained efficient equilibria. Hence, for these economies, neither constrained efficiency, nor its lack, are generic properties. However, constrained inefficiency is a pervasive feature: for each economy with preferences satisfying a mild restriction, there are open sets of endowments such that their equilibrium allocations are constrained inefficient
On the efficiency properties of the Roy’s model under uncertainty and market incompleteness
No full textWe consider Roy’s economies with perfectly competitive labor markets and uncertainty. Firms choose their investments in physical capital before observing the characteristics of the workers that they will hire. We provide conditions under which equilibrium allocations are constrained Pareto efficient, i.e., such that it is impossible to improve upon the equilibrium allocation by changing agents’ investments in human and physical
capital and letting the other endogenous variables adjust to restore market clearing. We also provide a robust example of a class of economies where equilibria are constrained Pareto inefficient due to overinvestments in high skills
Gender and private returns to education : a cross-European analysis
Full text linkThe paper compares private returns to education of men and women for fourteen E.U. countries. Building on de la Fuente (2003), I define the rate of return as the discount rate equalizing marginal costs and benefits of education. I extend his model by estimating separately the values of the relevant parmeters for men and women and introducing variables specifically related to maternity leaves and benefits. The main result is that, given the profiles of earning of a man and a woman studying the average numbers of years in each country and working full-time up the end of their active lifes, women’s rates of return are higher for most countries
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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