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A conversation with Barber Conable, President of the World Bank
No full textThe World Bank was created in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference to provide capital and stimulate economic growth in developing countries. Despite the majority stake held by Western nations, the World Bank is an apolitical institution, and as such has provided loans to socialist and capitalist countries alike over the course of the past fifty years. In the polarized climate of the Cold War, however, the Bank's attempts to balance its responsibilities to the developing world with its ties to the West often led to criticism from both sides of the iron curtain. In this episode, host Peter Krogh sits down with Barber Conable, the recently appointed president of the World Bank and former United States Congressman, to discuss the role the World Bank plays in spurring economic growth in developing countries, as well as the ways in which the Bank's activities benefit the United States.Examines the role of the World Bank in spurring economic growth and the ways in which the institution benefits the United States
Free trade under assault
No full textIn the half-century that followed the disastrous protectionist policies of the 1930s, free trade became a keystone of American economic policy. However, with a global recession stifling economic growth and cheap imports threatening American jobs, U.S. policymakers introduced the strongest piece of protectionist legislation since the years leading up to the Great Depression. The Fair Practices in Automotive Products Act, also known as the "Domestic Content Bill", required that at least part of every foreign car be made in the United States using American parts and labor. Supporters of the bill claimed it would protect American jobs and ensure fair trade; opponents worried that the bill would set off a chain reaction resulting in a global trade war. In this episode, Senator John Heinz of the International Trade Subcommittee and Congressman Barber Conable of the House Ways and Means Committee discuss the proposed Domestic Content legislation, the United States' delicate trade relations with Japan, and the growing calls for protectionism in the United States and around the world.Examines protectionist legislation proposed in the face of a rising tide of cheap imports and a global recession
Address to the GATT Ministerial Meeting
No full textBarber B. Conable, President of the World Bank and International Finance Corporation addressed the topic of the importance to development of trade and the need for a full role for developing countries in the negotiations. The latest general agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT) statistics show that export earnings of developing nations fell by 5.5 percent last year, while their imports fell by 6.5 percent in value terms. New GATT negotiations must be launched to help create a more certain outlook for trade and, indeed, for the world economy. He discusses that export development in the developing countries is not possible without generation of the skills the modern market and modern technology require, and the transfer of these skills becomes the cutting edge of education. Restoration of economic growth in the developing countries will benefit the export industries of the developed countries. The Bank attaches great importance to securing a more open trading environment. The negotiations should include discussion of all issues of importance to international trade between developed and developing countries, and they should also increase opportunities for trade among developing countries themselves
Partnership Against Poverty in the Developing World
No full textBarber B. Conable, President of the World Bank Group addressed the topic of Australian International Development at the 1989 annual meetings. Poverty, and its persistence alongside such wellbeing, is both a moral outrage and a threat to security. The challenge of poverty is an economic, political and social one. Together, all those elements of change spell a single word: development, the priority business of the World Bank, the oldest, largest and still the most effective international agency in promoting development. But the Bank is only one of the forces fighting global poverty. More of it should come from nations like Australia. Targeted compensation programs can help see the poor through the extra impact of adjustment and keep their hopes and political patience alive. The Bank is supporting such efforts in Bolivia, Costa Rica, Ghana, Jamaica and Morocco and looking elsewhere to see how the timetable or scope of reforms can best be balanced
Address to the Group of Twenty-Four Ministers
No full textBarber B. Conable, President of the World Bank Group spoke about the following : (1) endorsing an early and substantial IFC capital increase; (2) encouraging effective actions to reduce global debt; (3) advising on appropriate roles for the Bretton Woods institutions in the Gulf; (4) encouraging more development investment, both of a public nature and through promotion of the private sector; and (5) urging a successful resolution of the Uruguay round of trade negotiations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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