85 research outputs found
[Letter from E. Kirlin to Junia Roberts Osterhout, September 3, 1877]
No full textLetter from E. Kirlin to their sister, Junia Roberts Osterhout. Kirlin wrote her about what was happening with their family and hoped Junia would be able to visit soon. The author mentioned in the letter that the "colored girl" that worked for the family might be leaving. Kirlin finished the letter with information from another letter that had been received
Comparative energy and economic performance analysis of an electrochromic window and automated external venetian blind
No full textA virtual test cell representing a portion of an office building was modeled in order to evaluate the energy balance and the economic convenience related to the use, as solar control devices, of a switchable electrochromic glazing system (EG) and of an automated external venetian blind system (VB). Furthermore, results were compared with a so-called base case (BC) of the glazed component, with no exterior solar shading. The virtual test cell is supposed
located in Milan, Italy. The operation of both shading systems was set in order to minimize undesirable solar heat gains during cooling season and to maximize them during heating season and also in order to optimize the daylighting performance without having glare effect on the work plane. The energy balance of the selected systems
was done considering the annual primary energy consumption for heating, cooling, lighting, shading system operation and the glazed systems’ embodied energy annual quota. Finally, a further comparison in terms of economic convenience was done. Simulations were performed using EnergyPlus 7.0 dynamic simulation engine in conjunction with BESTenergy Graphic User Interface
Renovation of an UNESCO heritage settlement in southern Italy: ASHP and BIPV for a “Spread Hotel” project
No full textMany small historical settlements in Mediterranean areas have a great value in terms of architectural and cultural
heritage. Therefore it happens that the socio–economic situation of many of these settlements is backward and
depressed. A succesful way to develop these important environments is to implement tourism, a profitable and
available economical resource. “Spread Hotel” or “Diffuse Hotel” or “Albergo Diffuso” is an innovative concept
which aims to renovate decayed buildings situated in historical locations. New economical inputs are needed to
revitalize these settlements and their social tissue. “Diffuse Hotel” concept is very diffused in Italy due to its rich
historical heritage. The present paper displays a renovation project of a rural historical settlement into a “Spread
Hotel”. The site under analysis is located in Palazzolo Acreide, Sicily, Italy. The settlement strongly needed to be
refurbished in order to provide habitability and to guarantee a proper level of comfort according to italian standards.
The area is also listed in the UNESCO Heritage. The “Diffuse Hotel” at a national level is considered as an affordable
and comfortable concept that enables the travellers to experiance Italy through a tipical, historical and comfortable
hotel. The historical built enviroment preservation is strategic in Italy and can strongly support economical
revitalization. European Community supports the development of “Spread Hotels” projects in order to improve
economical capacity of depressed areas by financing refurbishment programs. In this contest the authors present how
“Palazzolo Acreide” renovation project was done. In particular, the design strategy was to respect the local
characteristics, improve thermal performance and HVAC systems and exploting the on site renewable energy. In fact,
in the Mediterranean areas solar radiation is a incredible resource to provide energy to the buildings
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Investigation of the Monetary and Non-Monetary Attributes Typical of Pooled Ridehailing, and their Policy Implications
No full textThis dissertation investigates the monetary and “non-monetary” factors that make pooled ridehailing (e.g., UberPOOL) often less attractive than “solo” ridehailing (e.g., traditional UberX) and driving a private car. Under the right circumstances, pooled ridehailing could lead to a reduction in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) while increasing passenger miles traveled (PMT). Assuming that pooled ridehailing is successfully matched, and does not substitute the use of public transit and active modes (e.g., biking and walking) or cause significant deadheading, this service could replace single-passenger travel, via personal cars or solo ridehailing, i.e., means of travel that are associated with worse congestion impacts and negative environmental externalities such as air pollution and health damages.Via computing the total cost of ownership (TCO), using literature-derived and simulated data, I analyze the per-mile monetary cost to travel across pooled ridehailing, solo ridehailing and a personal. I “expand” this TCO by adding the travel time cost (TTC) for traveling as a passenger (defined as “generalized cost”). I also include the effect of “road fees” aimed at mitigating congestion and discouraging low-occupancy travel. The key findings show that although pooled ridehailing is cheaper than its solo counterpart, the cost of the driver causes this service to remain three times higher than driving one’s own car. I found that as battery costs continue to drop over the next decade, electric vehicles (EV) will be cost-competitive with traditional gasoline especially in high-mileage ridehailing applications. However, the good news should not lead authorities to conclude that, as EVs will reduce tailpipe emissions, electrification alone cannot solve all problems, as other negative transportation attributes such as high VMT and road congestion will persist; there is need for more regulations to limit low-occupancy travel. Indeed, this research shows that current road fees do not increase the relative costs of traveling alone (with private cars and solo ridehailing) significantly, with the exception of congestion area fees (such as London’s) that can substantially discourage solo travelling in favor of pooling. Results show that TTCs are sometimes greater in value than the monetary costs. I find that the longer travel time typical of a pooled ride – mainly caused by the detours and walking time to/from the pick-up/drop-off place – may make pooled ridehailing “costlier” than the faster counterpart. In the future, automated vehicles (AV) and the lack of driver cost may dramatically reduce the monetary costs of ridehailing, and, at a small price difference, the travelers may find the TTC of an AV-base solo ridehail less expensive than a pooled AV ride. I investigate other psychological and situational non-monetary factors that influence the choice of pooled ridehailing vs. its solo counterpart, through the analysis of data collected with a rich travel survey in 2019 in California. The results of a mixed logit model confirm that: lower-income people, non-white minorities, women, younger adults, as well as frequent ridehailing users are more likely to pool. Trips that originate in high-density areas are also more likely to be pooled. Whereas, not having to pay for a trip (e.g., a work trip paid by an employer) reduces the likelihood of pooling. Further, I find a positive relationship between the frequent use of public transit and active modes and the likelihood of pooling, which highlights the risk of competition, but in turn may highlight an openness for multi-modal travel. The information collected in this dissertation support the efforts to forecast the demand for pooled ridehailing services and, assuming that this service does not replace the use of public transit and active modes, to understand how this service could eventually contribute to shift travelers away from single-passenger travel. This dissertation improves the understanding of the role of pooled ridehailing with other emerging trends in transportation (i.e., electrification and automation), and helps inform policy making aimed at mitigating congestion and environmental impacts caused by transportation. For example, policymakers such as those involved with the Senate Bill (SB) 1014 in California, which introduced the need for “Clean Miles Standards” to limit greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from ridehailing, would be interested in this work. Increasing the understanding of how to reduce the unattractiveness of pooled ridehailing (and the attractiveness of solo travelling) may help planner move towards greener transportation solutions with which travelers can choose the most efficient mode from a variety of integrated alternatives, and where pooled ridehailing succeeds as a replacement of single-passenger travel if public transit and active modes are not viable options
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Estimating the Costs of New Mobility Travel Options: Monetary and Non-Monetary Factors
No full textUC Davis researchers have developed a cost model of travel choices that individuals make related to urban vehicle travel. These choices can include deciding to own, ride in, and drive a private vehicle or use pooled or solo ridesourcing (e.g., Uber). The model considers both monetary and non-monetary factors that affect travel choice. Monetary factors include the costs of purchasing, maintaining, and fueling different types of privately owned vehicles; and the cost of using ridesourcing services. Non-monetary (or “hedonic”) factors include travel time, parking time/inconvenience, willingness to drive or be a passenger in a driven or automated vehicle, and willingness to travel with strangers. The travel choices affected by these factors impact broader society through traffic congestion, pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, accidents, etc. and thus may be an important focus of policy. This report reviews recent literature, considers factors affecting travel choices, and reports, on a conjoint pilot survey or stated preferences. Finally, it considers approaches to apply time value to factors that are not typically associated with specific trips, such as time spent on vehicle maintenance and parking. The results should enable a deeper understanding of the likelihood that individuals will own and use private vehicles or use shared (solo and pooled) ridesourcing, and how automated vehicle services could affect these choices in the future. The study also highlights additional research needs, such as a large scale stated preference study covering more factors than have been included in previous studies.View the NCST Project Webpag
Il riscaldamento domestico nazionale e la conseguente emissione di ossidi di azoto
No full textLAUREA SPECIALISTIC
El Padre de la Iglesia y la mujer apóstol: (Pseudo)Epifanio de Salamina y su interpretación de Rm 16,7
No full textSince the beginning of the modern debate about the gender and apostolicity of Junia (Rm 16,7), numerous interpreters have resorted to the patristic interpretation of the passage to determine its meaning, leaving aside even the philological analysis of the New Testament Greek text. Detractors of Junia’s feminine gender have appealed to the statement of Epiphanius of Salamis (c. 315-403) in his Index Discipulorum, where Junia(s) is considered to be a man and Bishop of Apameia. This statement is regarded as historically reliable and proof that Junia was not a female apostle. Since an early Greek father like Epiphanius interpreted Romans 16,7 in this way, it is considered to be the most likely interpretation. This research analyzes the arguments put forward by the defenders of this position. Four conclusions are presented. In the first place, Epiphanius of Salamis is not the author the Index Discipulorum, but rather it is a medieval pseudo-epigraphical work. Second, the information provided by this work is not historically reliable, but rather fictitious and anachronistic in nature. Third, the work seems to present gender biases against the inclusion of women in the circle of disciples. Finally, it is concluded that the interpreters who appeal to this argument make a selective use of the available evidence.Desde el inicio del debate moderno acerca del género de Junia (Rm 16,7) y su apostolicidad,numerosos intérpretes han acudido a la interpretación patrística del pasaje para determinar su significado, dejando en segundo plano incluso el análisis filológico del texto griego neotestamentario. Detractores del género femenino de Junia han apelado a la declaración de Epifanio de Salamina (c. 315-403) en su Index Discipulorum, donde Junia(s) es considerado un hombre y obispo de Apameia. Esta declaración es considerada como históricamente confiable y como una prueba que Junia no fue una mujer apóstol. Dado que un padre griego temprano como Epifanio interpretó Romanos 16,7 de esta manera, se considera que debe ser la interpretación más probable. En esta investigación se analizan los argumentos esgrimidos por los defensores de esta postura. Se presentan cuatro conclusiones. En primer lugar, Epifanio de Salamina no compuso el Index Discipulorum, sino que es una obra medieval pseudoepigráfica. En segundo lugar, la información proporcionada por esta obra no es históricamente confiable, sino que de naturaleza ficticia y anacrónica. En tercer lugar, la obra parece presentar prejuicios de género en contra de la inclusión de mujeres en el círculo de discípulos. Por último, se concluye los intérpretes que apelan a este argumento realizan un uso selectivo de la evidencia disponible
The father of the church and the woman apostle : (Pseudo) Epiphanius of Salamis and his interpretation of Rm 16,7
No full textResumen: Desde el inicio del debate moderno acerca del género de Junia (Rm 16,7) y su apostolicidad,
numerosos intérpretes han acudido a la interpretación patrística del pasaje
para determinar su significado, dejando en segundo plano incluso el análisis
filológico del texto griego neotestamentario. Detractores del género femenino de
Junia han apelado a la declaración de Epifanio de Salamina (c. 315-403) en su Index
Discipulorum, donde Junia(s) es considerado un hombre y obispo de Apameia. Esta
declaración es considerada como históricamente confiable y como una prueba que
Junia no fue una mujer apóstol. Dado que un padre griego temprano como Epifanio
interpretó Romanos 16,7 de esta manera, se considera que debe ser la interpretación
más probable. En esta investigación se analizan los argumentos esgrimidos por los
defensores de esta postura. Se presentan cuatro conclusiones. En primer lugar, Epifanio
de Salamina no compuso el Index Discipulorum, sino que es una obra medieval
pseudoepigráfica. En segundo lugar, la información proporcionada por esta obra no
es históricamente confiable, sino que de naturaleza ficticia y anacrónica. En tercer
lugar, la obra parece presentar prejuicios de género en contra de la inclusión de mujeres
en el círculo de discípulos. Por último, se concluye los intérpretes que apelan a
este argumento realizan un uso selectivo de la evidencia disponible.Abstract: Since the beginning of the modern debate about the gender and apostolicity of
Junia (Rm 16,7), numerous interpreters have resorted to the patristic interpretation
of the passage to determine its meaning, leaving aside even the philological
analysis of the New Testament Greek text. Detractors of Junia’s feminine gender
have appealed to the statement of Epiphanius of Salamis (c. 315-403) in his Index
Discipulorum, where Junia(s) is considered to be a man and Bishop of Apameia.
This statement is regarded as historically reliable and proof that Junia was not a
female apostle. Since an early Greek father like Epiphanius interpreted Romans
16,7 in this way, it is considered to be the most likely interpretation. This research
analyzes the arguments put forward by the defenders of this position. Four conclusions
are presented. In the first place, Epiphanius of Salamis is not the author the
Index Discipulorum, but rather it is a medieval pseudo-epigraphical work. Second,
the information provided by this work is not historically reliable, but rather fictitious
and anachronistic in nature. Third, the work seems to present gender biases
against the inclusion of women in the circle of disciples. Finally, it is concluded that
the interpreters who appeal to this argument make a selective use of the available
evidence
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Air Travelers’ Ground Transportation Choices at Four Airports in Northern California
No full textPrior studies of travel mode choice in airport ground transportation identified several important relationships between traveler/trip attributes and the selected ground access mode(s). However, those studies did not comprehensively account for qualitative aspects of ground access mode choice, such as general and transportation-specific attitudes and perceptions of mode-specific airport infrastructure. To add insights into air travelers’ ground transportation choices, this study collected a dataset with a survey administered among travelers using four major airports in Northern California in the post-pandemic era.Among the analyses presented in the report, airport ground access mode choice was analyzed, and its relationships with travelers’ socio-demographics, attitudes toward transportation and related topics (e.g., environmental friendliness), and opinions about transportation infrastructure and services (e.g., airport parking fees). The authors identified relationships between air travelers’ attitudes or opinions and their mode choice not examined in prior studies. Specifically, travelers with pro-environment attitudes preferred public transit and ridehailing services over private vehicles. Travelers are more likely to choose public transit often if they highly rate its service frequency and accessibility from their home to a nearby station. The results suggest policymakers, airport authorities, and transit agencies consider electrification of ridehailing fleets, expansion of bus and rail service availability, and higher parking fees to reduce driving in private vehicles to the airport. View the NCST Project Webpag
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