1,720,978 research outputs found
Anger expression and control in emerging adults: the relationship with psychological inflexibility
No full textPsychological Inflexibility (PI) refers to the rigid dominance of internal reactions (e.g., thoughts, feelings, memories) over personal values and contingencies in guiding action. Previous research suggests that PI impacts negatively on emotion regulation. This study examined the effect of PI and gender on anger and aggressive behaviour in emerging adulthood, a developmental phase characterized by increased emotionality. Participants were 382 emerging adults (64.4% females; mean age: 22, SD = 2.9) recruited at the University of Pisa, Italy. Males and females were divided into two groups - high and low-PI - based on the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II scores. The STAXI-II was used to assess anger dimensions: expressing anger outwardly (AE-O), inward expression of anger (AE-I), attempts to control the expression of anger (AC-O), and inward control of anger (AC-I). ANCOVA analyses were conducted to explore the effects of PI and gender on anger. The interaction effect (gender x PI) was not statistically significant. Females showed lower AC-O and AE-I than males, and this effect was statistically significant. Participants with high PI showed higher scores on the expression dimensions and lower scores on the control facets than participants with low PI. Inflexible individuals are less capable of controlling anger and more prone to express it both internally and externally. Findings support the relevance of addressing PI in emerging adulthood to better understand and prevent anger dysregulation and violence
Measuring psychological inflexibility in university students: the Italian version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for University Students (AAQ-US).
No full textIntroduction: Psychological Inflexibility (PI) has emerged as a useful construct for explaining a broad range of psychological problems and poor academic functioning in university students. However, measures of general PI are not sensitive enough to detect associations of PI with academic outcomes. To address this gap, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for University Students (AAQ-US) was developed. The AAQ-US measures PI in specific university contexts. This study focused on the adaptation into Italian and validation of the AAQ-US. Methods: Participants were two independent samples of Italian university students (Sample 1: N = 118, 67.8% females; M = 23.21yrs, SD = 5.16; Sample 2: N = 190, 72.1% females, M = 22.71yrs, SD = 3.62). In addition to the AAQ-US, participants completed measures of mental health outcomes and academic functioning. Results: Factor analysis supported the unidimensionality of the scale. Internal consistency was excellent. Higher AAQ-US scores were significantly related to higher general psychological inflexibility, anxiety, depression, and procrastination, and to lower life satisfaction, number of exams passed, and grade average, supporting the convergent and concurrent validity of the questionnaire. Discussion: The AAQ-US also proved incremental validity for predicting both academic and mental health outcomes, above and beyond measures of general psychological inflexibility, even though the effects were stronger for academic outcomes. Findings from this study showed that the Italian version of the AAQ-US is a valid and reliable questionnaire for measuring psychological inflexibility in university contexts
The mediating role of empathy in the relationship between mindfulness and couple satisfaction
No full textPrevious studies showed that trait mindfulness is positively associated with couple satisfaction. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which mindfulness abilities might promote relationship satisfaction. This study explored whether empathy mediates the effect of mindfulness on couple satisfaction in emerging adults. Participants were 218 young adults (71% females; mean age = 22.2 yr, SD = 2.9) involved in a dating relationship. Subjects completed self-report measures of mindfulness (Observing, Describing, Acceptance and Acting with Awareness), cognitive and affective empathy, and couple satisfaction. The possible role of empathy as mediator of mindfulness effect on couple satisfaction was investigated by mediation analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided at a significance level of 0.05. Couple satisfaction was positively correlated with Observing and Acting with Awareness and with both components of empathy. Observing was positively correlated with cognitive and affective empathy, while Acting with Awareness was negatively associated with the affective component. Cognitive empathy mediated the effect of Observing on couple satisfaction. Acting with Awareness indirectly decreased couple satisfaction by decreasing affective empathy, but also had an outweighing positive direct effect on couple satisfaction.
Findings indicate that couple satisfaction is associated with specific facets of mindfulness in young adults. Furthermore, the ability to notice internal and external events may promote higher couple satisfaction by fostering the ability to understand how the partner feels. Acting with Awareness seems to have a double-edge effect on couple satisfaction in young adults: a positive direct effect outbalances a negative indirect effect mediated by a decrease in affective empathy
Psychological inflexibility processes in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders.
No full textPI occurs when behavior is rigidly guided by internal events (e.g., thoughts, feelings, memories) rather than personal values or direct contingencies. Six processes have been hypothesized to contribute to PI: experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, attachment to the conceptualized self, attentional rigidity, lack of values clarity, and actions that are inconsistent with one’s values. This study explored PI processes as transdiagnostic factors relevant to anxiety and depressive disorders. Methods: Participants were psychiatric outpatients with anxiety (n = 51; 68.6% female, Mean age = 34.5 yrs; SD = 15.5) and depressive disorders (n = 49; 61.2% females, Mean age = 40.9, SD = 17) as primary diagnoses, and 87 healthy adults (control group; 64.4% female; Mean age = 37.8 yrs; SD = 17.8). Patients were recruited at the Psychiatric Units of the Santa Chiara Hospital of Pisa (Italy). Participants completed the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory. Results: Results from ANCOVA analyses showed that both clinical groups differed from healthy adults in PI processes related to fusion, attachment to conceptualized self, and inactivity/actions that are inconsistent with values, while the differences between the clinical groups in these processes were not statistically significant. Further, depressive patients showed poorer acceptance and attentional abilities when compared to both anxiety and control groups, while patients with anxiety disorders showed more difficulties concerning values when compared to the other comparison groups. Discussion: Findings support different PI processes as transdiagnostic factors for anxiety and depressive disorders. They also suggest some specificities for each diagnostic group that may be relevant for psychological interventions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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