131,239 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Vibrational cooling of cesium molecules using noncoherent broadband light
No full textWe demonstrate selective vibrational population transfer in cold cesium dimers using a simple approach based on the use of a shaped incoherent broadband diode laser near threshold. Optical pumping into a single vibrational level is accomplished with an incoherent light source by eliminating transitions from the targeted vibrational level. The broadband spectrum of the laser is wide enough to electronically excite several vibrational states of the molecule simultaneously. This method is relatively inexpensive, simple, and flexible to allow for development of new applications, in particular, the preparation of optically closed molecular system, opening the way to direct laser cooling of molecules
Broadband lasers to detect and cool the vibration of cold molecules
No full textBy using broadband lasers, we demonstrate the possibilities for control of cold molecules formed via photoassociation. Firstly, we present a detection REMPI scheme (M. Viteau et al., Phys. Rev. A, 2009, 79, 021402) to systematically investigate the mechanisms of formation of ultracold Cs(2) molecules in deeply bound levels of their electronic ground state X(1)Sigma(+)(g). This broadband detection scheme could be generalized to other molecular species. Then we report a vibrational cooling technique (M. Viteau et al., Science, 2008, 321, 232) through optical pumping obtained by using a shaped mode locked femtosecond laser. The broadband femtosecond laser excites the molecules electronically, leading to a redistribution of the vibrational population in the ground state via a few absorption-spontaneous emission cycles. By removing the laser frequencies corresponding to the excitation of the v = 0 level, we realize a dark state for the so-shaped femtosecond laser, leading, with the successive laser pulses, to an accumulation of the molecules in the v = 0 level, i.e. a laser cooling of the vibration. The simulation of the vibrational laser cooling allows us to characterize the criteria to extend the mechanism to other molecular species (R. V. Krems, Int. Rev. Phys. Chem., 2005, 24, 99). We finally discuss the generalization of the technique to laser cooling of the rotation of the molecule
Cultural diversity and human resources management in Europe
No full textThe increase in the international dimensions of human resources management and the extension of European Union represents important premises regarding the harmonization of human resources practices at the level of the European countries. Despite this, the main characteristic of the European model of management is diversity. During the last decade, the human resource function registered profound changes, determined especially by the economic, social, cultural and political context registered at Europe level. Thus, nowadays the human resource function integrates more and more a strategic vision. The human resource managers take part at the process of elaborating the strategies and policies at organizational level. The extension of the European Union contributes at the realization of a social, economic, political, legislative climate at the level of the entire continent, but despite these, the cultural differences among countries can be eliminated, that means that from the point of view of human resources practices, the European countries will be characterized by a series of differentiation elements.cultural diversity; regional differences; Hofstede’s approach; management style.
Efficient positronium laser excitation for antihydrogen production in a magnetic field
No full textAntihydrogen production by charge exchange reaction between positronium Ps atoms and antiprotons
requires an efficient excitation of Ps atoms up to high-n levels Rydberg levels . In this study it is assumed that
a Ps cloud is produced within a relatively strong uniform magnetic field 1 T and with a relatively high
temperature 100 K . Consequently, the structure of energy levels are deeply modified by Zeeman and motional
Stark effects. A two-step laser light excitation, the first one from ground to n=3 and the second from this
level to a Rydberg level, is proposed and the physics of the problem is discussed. We derive a simple formula
giving the absorption probability with substantially incoherent laser pulses. A 30% population deposition in
high-n states can be reached with feasible lasers suitably tailored in power and spectral bandwidth
Dret comparat i traducció jurídica el dret real de les servituds en francès, català i espanyol
No full textLa traducció d'un fragment extret d'una donació d'un bé immoble posa de manifest algunes de les possibles dificultats amb què es pot trobar el traductor no jurista des del punt de vista terminològic i conceptual. El text de partida francès conté un conjunt de termes especialitzats relacionats amb el dret real de les servituds que constituiran el nostre objecte d'estudi. Abans de proposar-ne una traducció a l'espanyol i al català, considerem necessària una aproximació als conceptes que designen aquests termes per tal de comparar-los amb els que existeixen en la cultura d'arribada. El tractament de l'equivalència poc satisfactori per part dels diccionaris bilingües es pot veure compensat amb una feina de recerca basada en el dret comparat. La comparació de les servituds en l'ordenament de partida i en el d'arribada a partir de les definicions i les classificacions que estableixen els textos legislatius o doctrinals pot ser útil per determinar-ne el grau d'equivalència i per evitar així falses identificacions
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