1,355,582 research outputs found
Compagnoni e gli editori veneziani
No full textGiuseppe Compagnoni, autore, giornalista e collaboratore editoriale a fine Settecent
La figura e la collezione archeologica di Gian battista Compagnoni Natali
No full textIl lavoro si propone di ricostruire la figura e la collezione di Gian Battista Compagnoni Natali di Montegiorgio (1843-1920), attraverso il carteggio dello stesso disperso tra il Museo Archeologico di Ancona, il Museo preistorico ed Etnografico L. Pigorini e l'Archivio di Stato di Roma. Grazie al carteggio si sono potuti ricomporre i nuclei della collezione del montegiorgese, tra cui spicca quello venduto al Museo universitario di Jena nel 1902
Catalytic and photocatalytic processes for the production of alternative fuels and chemicals from renewable sources
No full textCatalytic and photocatalytic processes for the production of alternative fuels and chemicals from renewable sources
M. Compagnonia, I. Rossettia
a Dip. Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
This work presents the PhD research project of Matteo Compagnoni. In particular, the presentation focuses on the valorization of bioethanol through the heterogeneously catalysed production of H2 and ethylene. The whole thesis was based on innovative heterogeneous catalytic processes, addressed from an industrial chemistry point of view. Besides the screening of different catalyst formulations, the attention was predominantly focused on process design, including the optimisation of process conditions, the use of less purified (less expensive) raw materials, less demanding conditions, etc. A preliminary economic assessment was also carried out for the centralised production of hydrogen from diluted bioethanol.
References
1. Rossetti, I. et al. Chem. Eng. J. 2015, 281, 1036–1044.
2. Compagnoni, M. et al. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2016, 6, 6247–6256.
3. Compagnoni, M. et al. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2017, 203, 899–909
4. Rossetti, I. et al. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2017, 210, 407–420.
5. Compagnoni, M. et al. Energy & Fuels 2017, 31, 12988–12996.
Acknowledgements: This work was funded by Università degli Studi di Milan
Hydrogen Production by Steam Reforming of Bioethanol: Catalytic Tests and Process Design
No full textAbstract
2nd generation bioethanol was considered as raw material for the sustainable hydrogen production by catalytic steam reforming. An experimental kinetic investigation has been carried out selecting different catalysts synthesized by Flame Spray Pyrolysis, a one step high temperature synthesis able to impart strong metal-support interaction, besides high thermal resistance [1]. Ethanol conversion, selectivity to the main possible byproducts and the CO/CO2 ratio, as a measure of the contribution of the water gas shift reaction, were correlated to the temperature, water/ethanol ratio and space velocity in a central composite experimental design [2]. Two different bioethanol samples, 50 and 90 vol%, produced and supplied by a company (Mossi&Ghisolfi), have been used for at each temperature. Attention was paid to the catalyst resistance towards deactivation by coking.
The kinetic expression was implemented in a software simulation (Aspen Plus), designing a high pressure reactor. A successive process design was investigated considering the hydrogen purification section as well and evaluating the economic feasibility of different plant configurations and operative conditions. Net plant efficiencies and total capital investment will be estimated as well as internal rate of return and payback period.
[1] M. Compagnoni, J. Lasso, A. Di Michele, I Rossetti*, Cat. Sci. & Tech, 6 (2016) 6247
[1] M. Compagnoni, A. Tripodi, I. Rossetti*, App. Cat. B:Environ., 203 (2017) 899–90
L'educazione come ricerca: alcune riflessioni dagli scritti di Ezio Compagnoni
No full textLa relazione, tenuta nell'ambito di un seminario dedicato al pedagogista Ezio Compagnoni, ripercorre sinteticamente i contenuti delle sue opere più significative, con particolare riferimento ai testi - pubblicati e non - che sono stati alla base della formazione pluriennale delle insegnanti delle scuole dell'infanzia del Comune di Parma. Nell'approccio proposto da Compagnoni, che ha fortemente contribuito a definire l'identità pedagogica delle scuole parmensi, la progettazione educativa è intesa come un allestimento pensato di contesti di esperienza multiformi significativamente caratterizzati in chiave relazionale, dove sia possibile per i bambini trasformare e arricchire i propri schemi mentali ed elaborare in modo partecipato la conoscenza. In questo senso la partecipazione creativa, la circolarità della comunicazione e l'emergere progressivo di una strutturazione semantica dell'esperienza rappresentano gli attributi che connotano in chiave positiva il processo di conoscenza e assicurano la buona qualità dell'esperienza di apprendimento
Electric and thermal energy from bioethanol : process intensification by using diluted feeds
No full textBioethanol attracted growing interest as raw material for the production of hydrogen. The latter can be successfully used to feed fuel cells with the aim of combined heat and power (CHP) cogeneration. A demonstrative project has been carried out c/o our Dept. [1] by running an integrated CHP unit with residential size, i.e. 5 kWel + 5 kWth. It was constituted by 6 integrated reactors, connected in series, fed with bioethanol and water, to produce reformate gas (prereformer and steam reformer) and to accomplish gas purification from CO (high- and low-temperature water gas shift reactors and two methanators). The purified reformate is suitable to feed a PEM fuel cell with the above mentioned power output.
The aim of this work was to focus on process intensification, to achieve an economically sustainable solution. This was done at first by identifying the effect of bioethanol concentration on process output and proposing suitable means to achieve bioethanol purification. This is particularly straightforward because second generation bioethanol is nowadays proposed as fuel or as blending agent for gasoline, thus requiring deep dehydration. However, if used as feed for steam reforming, much lower concentration is needed, allowing to limit distillation/dehydration cost, which account for 50-80% of bioethanol production expenses [2,3].
Process layout has been revised by comparing different possible schemes, compared as for heat and power duty (input) and output. Different solutions to account for energy input to the reformer have been also compared.
Accordingly, different options for the purification of raw bioethanol beer have been compared, in order to meet the required specifications and to limit the cost of the reformer feed.
The effect of the purity of the resulting bioethanol stream on reformer performance has been also experimentally addressed. As well, the effect of reactor temperature was considered, and this was set at the minimum level to guarantee optimal product yield, suitable catalyst durability and minimum heat input to the reactor.
Process simulation has been carried out by using the Aspen Plus software and economic assessment of the solutions proposed has been carried out by using the Aspen ONE cost evaluation tool.
References
[1] Rossetti, I.; Biffi, C.; Tantardini, G.F.; Raimondi, M.; Vitto, E.; Alberti, D. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2012, 37, 8499.
[2] Rossetti, I.; Compagnoni, M.; Torli, M. Chem Eng. J., 2015, 281, 1024.
[3] Rossetti, I.; Compagnoni, M.; Torli, M. Chem Eng. J., 2015, 281, 1036
Teologia morale
No full textA quasi trent’anni dalla pubblicazione del Dizionario di teologia morale, il Gruppo Editoriale San Paolo ha deciso di realizzare un nuovo testo, completamente rinnovato. Il volume accoglie l’invito di papa Bergoglio al rinnovamento sapiente e coraggioso che è richiesto dalla trasformazione missionaria di una Chiesa in uscita.
UN NUOVO DIZIONARIO che si rifà ai criteri indicati dalla Veritatis gaudium di papa Francesco per la ricerca e lo studio della teologia.
UN’OPERA ENCICLOPEDICA che fornisce adeguate chiarificazioni e precisi orientamenti di fronte alle complesse e inquietanti questioni che assillano la coscienza dell’uomo di questo nostro tempo.
OLTRE 80 AUTORI, 140 VOCI, 1272 PAGINE
ARRICCHISCONO IL DIZIONARIO una proposta di lettura sistematica e una mappa concettuale, una bibliografia essenziale e un dettagliato indice analitico. L'opera è a cura di Paolo Benanti, Francesco Compagnoni, Aristide Fumagalli, Giannino Piana
Diluted bioethanol solutions for the production of hydrogen and ethylene
No full textThe possibility to use diluted bioethanol solutions is investigated. Ethanol purification and anhydrification impacts for 50-80% of its production costs [1,2], but it is compulsory only when bioethanol is used for gasoline blending. Bioethanol can be converted to hydrogen, an increasingly important energy vector, through the steam reforming process. In this case, water must be cofed at least in stoichiometric ratio (i.e. 3:1 mol/mol). Nevertheless, higher water/ethanol ratio is usually suggested to achieve CO conversion through the water gas shift reaction and to prevent catalyst deactivation by coke deposition.
In this light, the use of dehydrated ethanol is detrimental for process efficiency and cost sustainability, opening the way to the use of more diluted bioethanol solutions. The effect of bioethanol purity and concentration is here investigated both experimentally and through process simulation with Aspen Plus [3].
Two solutions of second generation bioethanol, kindly supplied by Mossi&Ghisolfi, with ethanol concentration 90 and 50 vol% and obtained after different separation processes (distillation and flash, respectively) were compared with pure ethanol 99.9 vol%. We have concluded that if the steam reforming process is carried out at temperature higher than 600°C all the feeds brought to the same results. If temperature is lowered to 500°C (with the aim of process intensification), different results have been obtained depending on catalyst formulation, depending on materials resistance towards some possibly poisoning compounds contained in the 50 vol% feed.
The same approach was followed by considering the possibility to produce bioethylene trough the dehydration of bioethanol. At first, we carried out a thermodynamic study to understand the effect on ethanol conversion and products distribution of increasing water amount in the feed. We observed that the equilibrium conversion is shifted by ca. 50 °C towards higher temperature when using 50 vol% ethanol rather than the pure one. Furthermore, we simulated a possible process configuration accounting for heat recovery, in order to heat up and vaporize the inlet water thanks to the heat recovery with the products stream [4]. Finally, we compared different catalyst formulations, mainly constituted by acidic BEA zeolites, in case added with small Ni amounts to improve selectivity to ethylene. 100% conversion of diluted ethanol and 99% selectivity to ethylene have been achieved under the best reaction conditions. Also in this case bioethanol solutions with different purity have been compared with negligible effect on the results.
[1] P.A. Bastidas, I.D. Gil, G. Rodriguez, Comparison of the main ethanol dehydration technologies through process simulation, 20th Eurpean Symp. Comput. Aided Process Eng. - ESCAPE20. (2010) 1–6.
[2] I. Rossetti, J. Lasso, M. Compagnoni, G. De Guido, L. Pellegrini, H2 production from bioethanol and its use in fuel-cells, Chem. Eng. Trans. 43 (2015) 229–234. doi:10.3303/CET1543039.
[3] I. Rossetti, M. Compagnoni, M. Torli, Process simulation and optimization of H2 production from ethanol steam reforming and its use in fuel cells. 2. Process analysis and optimization, Chem. Eng. J. 281 (2015) 1036–1044. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.045.
[4] I. Rossetti, M. Compagnoni, E. Finocchio, G. Ramis, A. Di Michele, Y. Millot, et al., Ethylene production via catalytic dehydration of diluted bioethanol: a step towards an integrated biorefinery, Appl. Catal. B Environ. submitted (n.d.)
Metal modified TiO2 for CO2 photoreduction in unconventional conditions
No full textCO2 photoreduction, a growing field in green catalysis, shows great potentialities to avoid fossil fuels exploitation and to obtain C-based solar fuels through a sustainable process using water as a reductant and light irradiation as only energy input [1]. However, many efforts need to be made to have a substantial breakthrough to increase the efficiency of the whole process. To pursue this aim, different strategies can be followed, such as reaction conditions implementation and photocatalyst formulation.
Process efficiency is strictly dependent on chosen photocatalytic materials. In particular titanium dioxide, the most commonly used material, needs to be modified in order to boost light harvesting and increase photoactivity [2]. In this work, TiO2 was modified in order to increase electron mobility on photocatalytic surface. In particular, copper oxide was introduced as a co-catalyst and gold nanoparticles as surface plasmonic agents.
Some of the authors reported that unconventional conditions are able to increase solar fuels production from CO2 photoreduction in liquid phase, enhancing in particular CO2 absorption in aqueous media and tuning selectivity to desired products [3]. A novel pressurized liquid phase reactor was employed to study photocatalytic activity of these materials in liquid phase and reaction conditions were chosen in order to enhance CO2 absorption in liquid phase. In photocatalytic tests it was observed the formation of different liquid and gaseous products such as formic acid, formaldehyde, methanol, methane and hydrogen. The different materials provide a significant difference in both activity and product distribution. Photocatalytic behaviours were correlated to different physicochemical properties that were investigated though several techniques.
References
[1] O. Ola, M. Maroto-Valer, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews 24 (2015) 16-42
[2] A. Olivo, V. Trevisan, E. Ghedini, F. Pinna, C.L. Bianchi, A. Naldoni, M. Signoretto, Journal of CO2 Utilization 12 (2015) 86-94
[3] I. Rossetti, A. Villa, M. Compagnoni, L. Prati, G. Ramis, C. Pirola, C.L. Bianchi, W: Wang, D. Wang, Catalysis Science and Technology 5 (2015) 4481 - 448
Steam reforming of crude bio-ethanol for hydrogen production over FP catalysts
No full textThe production of “bio-hydrogen” is an interesting alternative with respect the traditional production from hydrocarbons. In particular, the production from the bioethanol steam reforming process represent a promising route to improve its sustainability for energy-related purposes. The so-called 2nd generation bio-ethanol, derived from lignocellulosic biomass, such as sorghum, mischantus or poplars possibly growing in marginal lands, appears interesting. Unfortunately, the environmental and energetic impact of next generation biofuels depends on concentration, impurities and operative conditions.
In this work two different bioethanol feeds, 50 and 90 vol%, supplied by Mossi&Ghisolfi Group (Proesa process), have been tested for low and high temperature steam reforming. Home-made prepared catalysts were employed in the catalytic tests. Ni was chosen as active phase and several supports were investigate (ZrO2, MxO-ZrO2, La2O3). The Flame Spray Pyrolysis technique was employed for their synthesis.
The steam reforming reaction was carried out at several temperature (300°C - 750°C) on a continuous micropilot plant. The effect of impurities was evaluated in term of catalyst performance because deactivation due to long chain alcohols (coke precursors) and sulfur represent key issues. At low temperature the use of bioethanol 90% showed almost the equal H2 productivity (1-1.2 mol min-1 kgcat-1) and ethanol conversion (100%) with respect pure ethanol[1]. By contrast, bioethanol with lower concentration (50%) induced different performance with an increase of coke deposition rate. The acidity of the support was tuned by using several oxidic supports, in order to prevent ethanol dehydration and coking through ethylene polymerization. Fresh and spent samples were characterized by XRD, TPR, TPO, TEM, FE-SEM and Raman analysis.
Figure: scheme and image of Flame Spray Pyrolysis
References
[1] Rossetti, I.; Lasso, J.; Compagnoni, M.; De Guido, G.; Pellegrini, L.; Tian, W.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, H. Chem. Eng. Trans. 2015, 43, 229-234
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