1,720,966 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
ΔNp63 controls hyaluronic acid metabolism and signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
No full textLa famiglia di p53 comprende i tre fattori di trascrizione p53, p63 e p73. Il capostipite della famiglia, p53, è definito il “guardiano del genoma”, grazie alla sua abilità di arrestare il ciclo cellulare in presenza di danno al DNA, consentendone una adeguata riparazione e, nell’eventualità che tale danno non possa essere riparato, promuovere la morte cellulare per apoptosi. p53, dunque, agisce funzionalmente come un classico soppressore di tumore. Infatti, mutazioni con perdita di funzione colpiscono il gene p53 nel 50% circa dei tumori umani. Dopo circa vent’anni di studi intensivi su p53, arrivò, inaspettatamente, la scoperta dei due suoi “parenti” stretti, ad alta omologia di sequenza: p73 e p63. Il gene p63 codifica per le isoforme TAp63, dotate del dominio di trans-attivazione all’N-terminale e, grazie ad un secondo promotore, le isoforme ∆Np63, prive di tale dominio ma, comunque, in grado di trans-attivare i propri geni target attraverso un secondo dominio di trans-attivazione. Inoltre, meccanismi di splicing alternativo all’estremità 3’ terminale, generano isoforme C-terminali. Mentre l’isoforma TA “mima” la funzione oncosoppressiva del parente p53, ∆Np63 mostra una spiccata attività oncogenica, in particolare nei carcinomi a cellule squamose di diversa origine, dove risulta altamente espresso. Infatti, ∆Np63 esibisce una notevole abilità nel regolare la trascrizione di molti geni target coinvolti nelle principali caratteristiche biologiche del tumore, tra le quali crescita, evasione dall’apoptosi, migrazione, invasione ed angiogenesi. Nel seguente studio, sveliamo un nuovo programma trascrizionale orchestrato dall’isoforma oncogenica ∆Np63 e che vede come co-protagostista l’acido ialuronico e la sua attività pro-tumorale. L’acido ialuronico, uno dei maggiori costituenti della matrice extracellulare, si comporta da ligando di specifici recettori di membrana plasmatica, tra i quali il CD44, attivandoli ed “accendendo” pathways coinvolti nella crescita, migrazione, invasione e sopravvivenza cellulare. Come atteso, molti tipi tumorali sfruttano la segnalazione dell’acido ialuronico per promuovere la loro crescita, sopravvivenza ed, in fine, la loro chemioresistenza. In particolare, l’interazione tra l’acido ialuronico e il CD44 favorisce l’attivazione dei recettori tirosina chinasi, tra i quali l’EGFR, e dei loro pathways oncogenici. Inoltre, l’attivazione del CD44 da parte dell’acido ialuronico, promuove l’espressione dei trasportatori ABC ed il conseguente efflusso degli agenti chemioterapici presenti nella cellula. Nel nostro studio, mostriamo la sorprendente abilità di ∆Np63, in cellule tumorali, di regolare positivamente il signaling dell’acido ialuronico, agendo sui livelli dell’acido ialuronico e del suo principale recettore CD44. Infatti, ∆Np63 è in grado di indurre direttamente l’espressione della sintasi 3 dell’acido ialuronico (Has3), coinvolta nella sintesi dell’acido ialuronico e, reprimere quella delle ialuronidasi 1 e 3 (Hyal1 e 3), implicate nella degradazione dell’acido ialuronico, determinando un aumento dei livelli extracellulari di acido ialuronico. Inoltre, ∆Np63 direttamente transattiva il gene CD44, auementandone i livelli proteici. In accordo con tali evidenze in vitro, in diversi datasets di tumori primari di origine squamosa, troviamo che l’espressione di p63 correla positivamente con quella di Has3 e CD44. Conseguentemente, osserviamo un’attivazione dell’EGFR e un aumento dei livelli dei trasportatori ABC, guidati dall’asse ∆Np63/acido ialuronico. Infine, dimostriamo la capacità di ∆Np63 di promuovere la chemioresistenza in maniera dipendente dall’acido ialuronico. Infatti, la deplezione di p63, similmente a quella di Has3 e all’inibizione chimica della sintesi dell’acido ialuronico, riduce la resistenza delle cellule tumorali agli agenti chemioterapici. Inoltre, in data sets di tumori umani, la correlazione positiva tra l’espressione di p63 e Has3 risulta essere un fattore prognostico negativo sulla probabilità di sopravvivenza dei pazienti, suggerendo la crucialità dell’asse p63/acido ialuronico nella tumorigenesi guidata da p63 nei carcinomi squamosi di testa e collo.p63 is a transcription factor belonging to the p53 family. Like other members of the p53 family, the TP63 gene is expressed as multiple isoforms arising by either alternative promoter usage or differential splicing events at the C-terminus. Particularly, the ΔN proteins, although lack the canonical transcriptional activation domain, are endowed with an alternative transactivation domain and promote cancer cell survival and tumor progression in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of different origins. By combining RNA-seq approach with co-expression studies in human primary tumors, we identified and characterized the hyaluronan synthase 3 (Has3), the hyaluronidase 1 and 3 (Hyal1 and 3), and CD44 as novel ∆Np63 regulated genes. Has3 catalyzes the synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA), while Hyal1 and Hyal3 catalyze the degradation of HA. CD44 is the main signal-transducing HA plasma membrane receptor. We found that in HNSCC cell lines of different origin, ∆Np63 silencing decreased Has3 expression and concomitantly increased the expression of Hyal1 and Hyal3, resulting in the inhibition of the extracellular level of HA. Mechanistically, we found that ∆Np63 directly bound to and activated the promoter of Has3 and, conversely, bound to the promoter and the 3’-terminal region of Hyal3 and 1, respectively, resulting in the repression of gene expression. Accordingly, in several primary squamous tumor datasets, we found that the expression of p63 was positively correlated with that of Has3. HA-mediated signaling is mediated through its interaction with plasma membrane receptors, including primarily CD44. We found that in tumor cells, ∆Np63 silencing decreased CD44 expression and, accordingly, the expression of p63 was positively correlated with that of CD44 in primary squamous tumor data sets. Mechanistically, we found that ∆Np63 directly bound to and activated the promoter of CD44. HA-CD44 interaction is important for mediating chemoresistance by sustaining the full activation of several tyrosine kinase receptors (EGFR, ErbB2 and IGFR) and promoting the expression of ABC drug transporters. We found that ∆Np63, through its action on HA metabolism and CD44 abundance, regulated the tyrosine kinase receptors activation and ABC drug transporter expression, mediating thus, tumor chemoresistance. Notably, in vitro ∆Np63-depletion, similar to Has3 silencing and HA-synthesis inhibition by 4-MU treatment, reduced cancer cell chemoresistance, indicating the ∆Np63 ability to promote chemoresistance in a HA-dependent manner. Moreover, in different human tumors data sets, the positive correlation between p63 and Has3 expression was a negative prognostic factor on HNSCC patient survival, suggesting that the ΔNp63/HA signaling axis is an important determinant of the p63-driven tumorigenesis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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