177,007 research outputs found
BOVINE LACTATION AND REPRODUCTION PHYSIOLOGY: A SURVEY ON SOME FUNDAMENTAL FEATURES IN AUTOCHTHONOUS DAIRY BREEDS REARED IN NORTHERN ITALY
No full textIn the last 40 years, the first goal pursued by dairy cattle community has been to increase individual production from a quantitative point of view, by high yielding dairy cows selection (BLAP). This mono-aptitude criterion has caused a decline in reproductive performances worldwide (eg increase in calving interval). The comparative physiological study of autochthonous cattle to value “Ancient Autochthonous Biodiversity” opens up interesting prospects for livestock to comply the FAO 2050 target, as these animals are guarantors of a good milk production, excellent and typical cheese making, peculiar characteristics of rusticity, frugality, longevity and resistance to multiple diseases. Therefore they appear to be good candidates for traditional food production. The study of autochthonous breeds lactation and reproduction physiology could be strategic to improve knowledge and develop a more rational dairy livestock in view of reduced availability of cereals and plant proteins for livestock in the next 40 years.
From a productive point of view the most variable component was analyzed. The importance of fat composition of milk in human and animal nutrition has in the last years come rapidly to the fore. Several nutritionist Associations recommend the intake of higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA and cis-MUFA) in milk despite of saturated fatty acid levels: increases in PUFA and cis-MUFA in milk fat can be reached by enhancing the activation of the enzyme Δ9-desaturase or by selecting subject with high desaturating ability. In this research, two endangered local bovine breeds of Northern Italy, Varzese and Cabannina, were considered for the PUFA and cis-MUFA content and compared with the PUFA and cis-MUFA levels in Friesian cows bred in the same conditions. The milk collections were performed from the 40th to the 180th day of lactation. Milk fat was analyzed by gas chromatography and desaturase indices for C14, C16 and C18 fatty acids were determined. Varzese and Cabannina milk fat contains significantly overall higher levels of some PUFA and cis-MUFA with respect to Friesian, and higher desaturase indices, mainly C16 desaturase and the total desaturase indices. The results rise the importance of the recovery and the reevaluation of local breeds, not only for the biodiversity per se, but also in order to bring out peculiar characteristics of niche milk.
From a reproductive point of view serum hydroxyproline (HYPRO) trend was considered for the uterine involution monitoring. Postpartum period is a physiological process between birth and complete uterine involution, essential to bring the female genital apparatus back to favorable conditions for optimal embryonic development and implantation, resumption of ovarian cyclicity and future reproductive efficiency; the latter is a parameter that unequivocally determines the career of a cow in the herd.
In this research, the same cows involved for milk analysis, were subjected to blood collection and hydroxyproline determination. Blood samples were performed the day of birth (day 0), 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30. The two autochthonous breeds showed lower starting points and average concentrations than the Friesian cows. Only the Cabannina cows showed a peak in day 4 statistically higher than the value at day 0. All breeds showed at day 40 after birth a completely uterine involution and so it seems obvious that HYPRO patterns are characteristic of each breed. It remains to clarify the origin of HYPRO district that could not come solely from the uterine matrix, given the ubiquitous nature of collagen. These results can be considered as a starting point to try to clarify the mechanisms of uterine involution process, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors of the animals and any phenomena that would affect reproductive performance of cows
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Milk biodiversity : future perspectives of milk and dairy products from autochthonous dairy cows reared in Northern Italy
No full textAcidi grassi monoinsaturi nel latte bovino : un’indagine su alcune razze locali in italia
No full text
Milk biodiversity: future perspectives of milk and dairy products from autochthonous dairy cows reared in northern Italy.
No full text"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
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