67,923 research outputs found
fgui: A Method for Automatically Creating Graphical User Interfaces for Command-Line R Packages
Get PDFThe fgui R package is designed for developers of R packages, to help rapidly, and sometimes fully automatically, create a graphical user interface for a command line R package. The interface is built upon the Tcl/Tk graphical interface included in R. The package further facilitates the developer by loading in the help files from the command line functions to provide context sensitive help to the user with no additional effort from the developer. Passing a function as the argument to the routines in the fgui package creates a graphical interface for the function, and further options are available to tweak this interface for those who want more flexibility.
Development of a generic activities model of command and control
No full textThis paper reports on five different models of command and control. Four different models are reviewed: a process model, a contextual control model, a decision ladder model and a functional model. Further to this, command and control activities are analysed in three distinct domains: armed forces, emergency services and civilian services. From this analysis, taxonomies of command and control activities are developed that give rise to an activities model of command and control. This model will be used to guide further research into technological support of command and control activities
Devolving command decisions in complex operations
Get PDFIn contemporary military endeavours, Command and Control (C2) arrangements generally aim to
ensure an appropriate regulation of command-decision autonomy such that decision-takers are able to
act in a way that is consistent with the overall set of commanders' intents and according to the nature
of the unfolding situation. This can be a challenge, especially in situations with increasing degrees of
uncertainty, ambiguity and complexity, also where individual commanders are faced with con
icting
objectives. Increasingly it seems that command decisions are being taken under conditions of internal
command contention; for example, when the likely successful outcome of a tactical mission can often be
at odds with the overall strategic and political aims of the campaign. The work in the paper builds on our
previous research in decision-taking under uncertainty and con
icting objectives, where we analysed the
responses of military commanders in decision experiments. We demonstrated how multi-attribute utility
theory could be used to represent and understand the effects of uncertainty and con
icting objectives on a
particular commander's choices. In this paper, we further develop and generalise the theory to show that
the geometrical forms of expected utilities, which arise from the assumption of commander rationality,
are qualitatively stable in a wide range of scenarios. This opens out into further analysis linking to
Catastrophe Theory as it relates to C2 regulatory frameworks for devolving command decision freedoms.
We demonstrate how an appreciation of this geometry can aid understanding of the relationship between
socially complex operational environments and the prevailing C2, which can also inform selection and
training of personnel, to address issues of devolving command decision-rights, as appropriate for the
endeavour as a whole. The theory presented in the paper, therefore, provides a means to explore and
gain insight into different approaches to regulation of C2 decision-taking aimed ultimately at achieving
C2 agility, or at least at a conceptual language to allow its formal representation. C2 regulatory agents
are discussed in terms of detailed functions for moderating command decision-taking, as appropriate for
the degrees of uncertainty and goal contention being faced. The work also begins to address implications
of any lack of experience and any differences in personality-type of the individual commanders with
respect to risk-taking, open-minded-ness and creativity
Experimental studies in a reconfigurable C4 test-bed for network enabled capability
No full textThis paper reports on the development of a command and control environment that enables experimental studies to be conducted into Network Enabled Capability (NEC). The command and control environment comprises a reconfigurable Command Wall, and wireless local area network and reconfigurable wearable computers. The two studies reported in this paper explore communication media (study one) and data source/decay (study two). Study one showed the advantages and disadvantages of the electronic medium for passing data between the field and command room. Study two explored data push versus data pull and the effects of data decay on some aspects of command performance. As an experimental environment the reconfigurable C4 test-bed is now beginning to show some utility. Further studies are being planned and scenarios are being develope
The fundamental problem of command : plan and compliance in a partially centralised economy
Get PDFWhen a principal gives an order to an agent and advances resources for its implementation, the temptations for the agent to shirk or steal from the principal rather than comply constitute the fundamental problem of command. Historically, partially centralised command economies enforced compliance in various ways, assisted by nesting the fundamental problem of exchange within that of command. The Soviet economy provides some relevant data. The Soviet command system combined several enforcement mechanisms in an equilibrium that shifted as agents learned and each mechanism's comparative costs and benefits changed. When the conditions for an equilibrium disappeared, the system collapsed.Comparative Economic Studies (2005) 47, 296–314. doi:10.1057/palgrave.ces.810011
Letter from J. R. Eakin to Arthur G. Ringland
No full textLetter (copy) from J. R. Eakin to Arthur C. Ringland about the alignment of 40 acres near the Buggeln ranch
Letter from Arno B. Cammerer to J. R. Eakin
No full textLetter from Arno B. Cammerer to J. R. Eakin describing the procedure for purchasing Bright Angel Trail
Letter from J. R. Eakin to Carl Hayden
No full textLetter from J. R. Eakin to Carl T. Hayden concerning access to Rowe Well and the canyon
Letter from J. R. Eakin to Stephen Mather
No full textLetter from J. R. Eakin to Stephen T. Mather about expenses and reconstruction of the Kaibab Trail
What is a Good Plan? Cultural Variations in Expert Planners’ Concepts of Plan Quality
No full textThis article presents the results of a field research study examining commonalities and differences between American and British operational planners’ mental models of planning. We conducted Cultural Network Analysis (CNA) interviews with 14 experienced operational planners in the US and UK. Our results demonstrate the existence of fundamental differences between the way American and British expert planners conceive of a high quality plan. Our results revealed that the American planners’ model focused on specification of action to achieve synchronization, providing little autonomy at the level of execution, and included the belief that increasing contingencies reduces risk. The British planners’ model stressed the internal coherence of the plan, to support shared situational awareness and thereby flexibility at the level of execution. The British model also emphasized the belief that reducing the number of assumptions decreases risk. Overall, the American ideal plan serves a controlling function, whereas the British ideal plan supports an enabling function. Interestingly, both the US and UK would view the other’s ideal plan as riskier than their own. The implications of cultural models of plans and planning are described for establishing performance measures and designing systems to support multinational planning teams
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