1,721,021 research outputs found
Apoptosis signalling pathways in the compound ascidian Botryllus schlosseri during the blastogenetic cycle.
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Hypertension, aging, and myocardial synthesis of heat-shock protein 72
No full textWe determined the temperature-induced synthesis of the 72-kD heat-shock protein (hsp72) in hearts of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) subjected to whole-body hyperthermia (42.0±0.5°C for 15 minutes). The animals were studied at three different ages: young (2 months), adult (6 months), and old (18 months). The hsp72 was determined by Western blot analysis using a monoclonal antibody. The results were calculated densitometrically as a percentage of a commercial standard. Young SHR responded to hyperthermic stress with increased synthesis of hsp72 compared with age-matched normotensive rats (298.8±70.0% versus 88.3±25.5%). This trend was maintained in adult rats (118.1±31.0% versus 54.8±21.3%) but not in old rats (65.3±29.4% versus 43.6±15.1%). Aging caused a reduction of hsp72 expression in response to hyperthermic stress in both SHR (4.6-fold) and normotensive rats (twofold). These data show that hearts of young and adult SHR respond to heat shock with enhanced synthesis of hsp72. This abnormal response, attenuated by aging, is independent of the presence and degree of hypertension or hypertrophy and is potentially linked to the genetic determination of the disease
Anti-cytokine therapy in chronic heart failure: new approaches and unmet promises
No full textUntil some decades ago chronic heart failure (CHF) has been considered a haemodynamic disorder with neurohormonal activation. Thus, the therapeutic strategies were oriented to correct cardiovascular disarrangement and counteract neurohormones. Although these therapeutic interventions improved CHF prognosis, mortality and morbidity CHF related remained high. In the recent years experimental and clinical researches increased our knowledge on CHF pathophysiology. Specifically, the involvement of inflammatory cytokines in the progression of CHF become more and more evident. Therefore, correction of cytokine network may represent a new therapeutic strategy approach in the management of CHF. However, results obtained from the first clinical trials with engineered anti-cytokine molecules, such as Infliximab and Etanercept, are discouraging. More knowledge on the complex interplay among inflammatory molecules in heart failure will allow its transfer to the design of more effective therapeutic ...Until some decades ago chronic heart failure (CHF) has been considered a haemodynamic disorder with neurohormonal activation. Thus, the therapeutic strategies were oriented to correct cardiovascular disarrangement and counteract neurohormones. Although these therapeutic interventions improved CHF prognosis, mortality and morbidity CHF related remained high. In the recent years experimental and clinical researches increased our knowledge on CHF pathophysiology. Specifically, the involvement of inflammatory cytokines in the progression of CHF become more and more evident. Therefore, correction of cytokine network may represent a new therapeutic strategy approach in the management of CHF. However, results obtained from the first clinical trials with engineered anti-cytokine molecules, such as Infliximab and Etanercept, are discouraging. More knowledge on the complex interplay among inflammatory molecules in heart failure will allow its transfer to the design of more effective therapeutic candidates. The present review addresses current information on this controversial issue. © 2004 The European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Use of clodronate in the management of osteoarthritis: an update.
No full textOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic rheumatic disease characterized by joint cartilage wear and loss of normal function. Clodronate (CLO) is a first-generation non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate that exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic and modulatory effects on bone and cartilage metabolism. To date, few clinical studies have evaluated the effect of CLO in OA. Current evidence suggests that CLO may represent a new type of analgesic drug as it reduces pain in bone diseases characterized by edema such as Complex Regional Pain Syndrone type-1 and vertebral fractures. Thanks to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, CLO has been shown to afford benefit in knee OA, erosive OA of the hand, painful knee hip prosthesis and veterinary practice. Transforming growth factor β1 has also been found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of OA. The present review article examines recent evidence on the potential use of CLO in the treatment of OA
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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