1,721,000 research outputs found
Metabolic Responses in Leaves of 15 Italian Olive Cultivars in Correspondence to Variable Climatic Elements
No full textThis study aims to evaluate the metabolic changes that occurred in olive leaves as responses over time to variations in climatic elements. Rainfall, temperature, and solar radiation data were collected over 4 months (August–November) to assess the impact of different climatic trends on the metabolism of the leaves of 15 Italian olive cultivars, cultivated at the experimental farm of the University of Florence. The net photosynthetic rate (AN) and stomatal conductance (gs), measured as main indicators of primary metabolism, were mainly influenced by the “cultivar” effect compared to the “climate” effect. The lowest AN value was showed by “Bianchera”, while “Ascolana” recorded the highest (8.6 and 13.6 μmol CO2 m−2s−1, respectively). On the other hand, the secondary metabolism indicators, volatile organic compound (VOC) and oleuropein (OL) content, were much more influenced by climate trends, especially rainfall. A phase of high rainfall caused a significant increase in the VOCs emission from leaves, even with different behaviors among the genotypes. The highest differences were observed between “Maiatica di Ferrandina”, with the highest average values (~85,000 npcs), and “Frantoio”, which showed the lowest (~22,700 npcs). The OL content underwent considerable fluctuations in relation to the rainfall but also appeared to be controlled by the genotype. “Coratina” always showed the highest OL concentration (reaching the maximum ~98 mg g−1), indicating the great potential of this cultivar for the industrial recovery of OL
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Aroma fingerprinting in green and roasted beans and ground coffee by Proton PTR-ToF-MS
No full textThe research is based on the utilization of the PTR-TOF-MS headspace analysis to distinguish, by VOCs, different matrices in coffee beans. Two species, Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora, contribute to the total production; the commercial value of the coffee depends on the species (Coffea arabica generally being considered of highest quality) and on geographical origin, including not only the pedoclimatic conditions, but also the processing systems (dry or wet).
Green beans, medium roasted beans and the related ground coffee of both C. arabica and C. canephora, coming respectively from 7 and 5 different geographical zones of Africa, America and Asia, were comparatively evaluated. By a PLS-DA analysis the green beans samples resulted sharply separated from the roasted beans and from the ground coffees, with a quantitative and qualitative increase of VOCs. The main protonated masses discriminating C. arabica from C. canephora were, in the green beans, m/z = 33.033 (tentatively identified as methanol), 49.010 (TI: methanethiol), 81.069 (TI: terpene fragment), 95.086 (TI: terpene fragment), 101.060 (TI: pentanedione) and, in the class of roasted beans, m/z = 69.033 (TI: furan), 85.028 (TI: furanone), 97.028 (TI: furfural), 111.045 (TI: acetilfuran), 141.055 (TI: furfurilacetate).
In the arabica group, roasted beans and ground coffee resulted very well distinguished, without regard of the country of production. The different Indian samples (two canephora and one arabica) were correctly classified. The separation between the two subgroups roasted beans and ground coffee was determined by quantitative differences of the same protonated masses, as m/z = 43.054 (TI: alkyl fragment), 61.028 (TI: acetic acid), 85.028 (TI: furanone), 148.076 (TI: furfurilpyrrole).
These results show that by the PTR-TOF-MS headspace VOCs analysis it is possible to check the correct attribution of the roasted beans and ground coffees to the right category (arabica or canephora), without regard of geographical origin of production
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Covering the different steps of the coffee processing: Can headspace VOC emissions be exploited to successfully distinguish between Arabica and Robusta?
No full textThis work was performed to evaluate the possible application of PTR-ToF-MS technique in distinguishing between Coffea arabica (Arabica) and Coffea canephora var. robusta (Robusta) commercial stocks in each step of the processing chain (green beans, roasted beans, ground coffee, brews). volatile organic compounds (VOC) spectra from coffee samples of 7 Arabica and 6 Robusta commercial stocks were recorded and submitted to multivariate statistical analysis. Results clearly showed that, in each stage of the coffee processing, the volatile composition of coffee is highly influenced by the species. Actually, with the exception of green beans, PTR-ToF-MS technique was able to correctly recognize Arabica and Robusta samples. Particularly, among 134 tentatively identified VOCs, some masses (16 for roasted coffee, 12 for ground coffee and 12 for brewed coffee) were found to significantly discriminate the two species. Therefore, headspace VOC analyses was showed to represent a valuable tool to distinguish between Arabica and Robusta
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