1,720,974 research outputs found
Disease course, stress, attachment, and mentalization in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
No full textInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic intestinal disorders that requires lifelong treatments. IBD are associated with perceived stress, poor quality of life, and psychopathological disorders. Previous studies have documented that psychological distress and depression are risk factors for IBD. On the other hand, IBD itself might be a source of psychological stress. IBD negatively affect individuals’ daily social interactions and close interpersonal relationships. Despite IBD's detrimental effects on quality of life, patients’ adherence to medicaments remains low, increasing the risk of relapses and the subsequent worsening of the clinical condition. Drawing on attachment and mentalization theories, we aim to contribute to understanding of the mechanisms involved in the poor quality of social relationships and the tendency for medication non-adherence in patients with IBD. We hypothesize a bidirectional link between IBD and attachment style and related mentalization abilities, where an individual's attachment style refers to a complex and characteristic pattern of relating to self and others and mentalization refers to the process of inferring one's own and others’ mental and physical states. This hypothesized link between IBD and insecure attachment style, mediated by reduced mentalizing abilities, may be a risk factor for developing both IBD-related psychological disorders and reduced medication adherence, which could then lead to worsening disease management and prognoses for the disease course. The medication nonadherence is here considered as both an outcome and a risk factor of this vicious circle. We share the view that preventing the worsening of the IBD condition and promoting patients’ medication adherence would be possible by considering the circular relationship between IBD, attachment, and mentalization and by promoting reflective functioning in patients with IBD, from the onset of the disease
Enhancing remediation by focusing on affective experience
Full text linkColonnello offers the affective neuroscience view as a means for better understanding the role of emotions in remediation and nurturing synergistic interactions between research and education
Trusting your heart: long-term memory for bad and good people is influenced by resting vagal tone
No full textSeveral studies have highlighted the role of heart rate variability (HRV) in social engagement and social cognition. However, whether HRV is involved in the ability to remember faces associated with affectively salient behavioural information remains unexplored. The present study aims to close this gap by investigating long-term face-memory accuracy in individuals differing in resting vagally-mediated HRV. Individuals with high or low resting HRV viewed faces associated with episodic information differing in affective valence (positive, neutral, negative) or without any behavioural description. After one week, a face recognition test was administered. High HRV individuals were better at recognizing faces paired with positive and negative behavioural descriptions compared to neutral faces or faces without descriptions. Conversely, low HRV participants did not show any face memory advantage from personal information. The present results suggest that HRV may provide a novel biological marker of long-term face recognition
Specific emotion regulation difficulties mediate the relationship between personal distress and depressive symptoms in medical students
Full text linkSeveral studies indicate a link between personal distress and vulnerability to depression. The literature also suggests that personal distress is associated with emotion dysregulation and that emotion dysregulation plays a role in depression. However, which of the various emotion regulation difficulties mediates the relationship between personal distress and depression remains unexplored. This study therefore aims to investigate the mediating role of specific emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between personal distress and depression. Of the 702 initially recruited participants, 635 completed a survey comprising the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. A mediation analysis was used to explore which emotion regulation difficulties mediate the relationship between personal distress and depression. Over a quarter (27%) of participants reported moderate-severe depression symptoms. Difficulties in accessing adaptive emotion regulation strategies and in having a clear understanding about one's own emotions partly mediated the relationship between personal distress and depression symptoms. Our results are the first to indicate that personal distress is linked to depression risk through specific emotion regulation difficulties in medical students. They also highlight possible modifiable skills that could be targeted by prevention intervention
Post-Donation Evaluation: Emotional Needs for Social Connection and Social Support among Living Kidney Donors—A Systematic Review
Full text linkIntroduction: Evaluation of post-nephrectomy social health in living kidney donors is essential. This systematic review examines their emotional need for social relatedness post-donation. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Results: Among the screened records, 32 quantitative and 16 qualitative papers met the inclusion criteria. Quantitative research predominantly utilized questionnaires featuring generic items on social functioning. However, a minority delved into emotional and social dimensions, aligning with qualitative studies emphasizing the importance of social connection and perceived social support post-donation. Specifically, post-donation changes in connecting with others encompass a sense of belongingness, heightened autonomy, shifts in concern for the recipient’s health, and continued care by shielding the recipient from personal health issues. Social acknowledgment and social support from both close and extended networks are reported as relevant for recovery after nephrectomy. Discussion: These findings underscore the necessity for targeted measures of emotional needs and social functioning to effectively assess post-donation adjustment. They also inform the identification of key health themes for kidney donor Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and Patient-Reported Experience Measures (PREMs) questions
Emotionally salient patient information enhances the educational value of surgical videos.
Full text linkMedical students' motivations for choosing a medical career are likely based on and remain tethered to the affectively-laden caring component of doctor-patient interactions. However, this component is rarely presented in educational surgical videos. It is unknown whether affectively engaging students by including patient-related emotionally salient information potentiates or draws focus away from learning a surgical procedure and whether such information affects motivation and attitudes toward the video. Therefore, we investigate whether presenting a patient's emotional state before video surgery enhances or weakens the educational value of that video. In a within-subjects crossover design, second-year medical students (n = 130) viewed video clips of surgeries. These videos, from online medical education platforms, were preceded by the patient's information from the original video or by information about the patient's preoperative emotional preparation. After each video, participants completed a multiple-choice test about the video's content to measure learning, answered a question about their motivation to re-watch the video, and completed an attitude scale regarding the video. Incorporating patient's information into surgical videos significantly enhanced students' acquisition of the technical aspects of surgery procedures (p < 0.0001), motivation to re-watch the video (p < 0.001), and favorable attitudes toward the video (p = 0.02). These findings show that incorporating information about patients' emotional states may enhance students' positive attitudes and motivations toward educational videos and may improve their learning of surgical techniques. They also suggest that the role of this factor should be considered when developing guidelines for medical educational video release
Psychological distress in hospitalized patients without COVID-19 symptoms: The role of fear of infection and remote contact with informal caregivers
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One size does not fit all: individual differences in attachment style and fear of COVID-19 in hospitalized elderly patients
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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