1,721,015 research outputs found
Monte Carlo forecast of groundwater level rise in Milano, Italy
No full textA hydrogeological study assessed the evolution of groundwater levels in a site in Milano, Italy, where a road is under construction. In the area the depth to groundwater had been historically very low – less than two meters – until the industrial development and population increase, started in the 50’, determined a high increase in groundwater withdrawal and a subsequent decrease of groundwater table. Level started to increase gradually during the 70’, reaching a height able now to interfere with the road being built. This is consistent with the observed series of both public and private groundwater withdrawal rate from 1979 to 2005 in the town of Milano, which show a reduction with linear trend. Other collected data are irrigation, a part of which reaches the groundwater table, and rainfall. This has been previously analyzed to determine the variability and distribution during the period 1917-2010. The average rainfall has decreased by 200 mm since 1985, and its distribution is compatible with a Gaussian. Therefore, a groundwater flow was built with Modflow2000 and calibrated in steady-state condition with 2011 data. Since annual precipitation is responsible for low-period groundwater increase, a first simulation under a Monte Carlo approach was set by sampling 100 times the rainfall described as a Gaussian distribution with minimum and maximum equal to the minimum and maximum rainfall recorded during the observation period. One Modflow simulation was run for each sampling, observing the resulting groundwater head in some points along the road. As a result, probability curves of exceeding groundwater levels were delivered to the road designer. Also a deterministic simulation has been run to determine a precautionary groundwater level in the next 50 years. The rainfall was set equal to the average and well withdrawal was reduced by 35% following the observed evolution. This result is highly uncertain due to the impossibility to forecast the future industrial and civil groundwater demand
Coupled irrigation-system/groundwater flow modelling for groundwater resource assessment in agricultural areas: A case study in northern Italy
No full textWater resources sustainable management will be one of the major issues that need to be attempted globally in the next decades. Especially south of the Alps, climate projections suggest a strong impact on water resources availability and distribution in space and time. Agriculture would be the most sensitive sector to changing water availability: under warmer climate, crops would be more water-demanding to sustain the evapotranspiration during the growing season. The integrated use of ground- and surface water resources will have a key role in mitigating climate change impact. With the final aim of exploring such possibility, an irrigation-system model (IdrAgra) was coupled with a groundwater flow model (MODFLOW2000), applying it to an area including a portion of the Muzza-Bassa Lodigiana irrigation district in Lombardy. Downscaled projected meteorological data (2080-2099) were applied to the coupled model to estimate changes in the resource availability under climate change scenarios. Results would represent the starting point for the implementation of alternative integrated water resource management policies in agricultural environment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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