178,916 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Drought responses in Aleppo pine seedlings from two wild provenances with different climatic features
No full textIncreased educational level is related with higher IQ scores but lower g-variance: Evidence from the standardization of the WAIS-R for Italy
No full textThe interactive relationship between educational level and IQ scores is still a matter of discussion, mainly because the latter combine the influence of (1) the general factor of intelligence (g), (2) cognitive abilities, and (3) cognitive skills. As underscored by Jensen (1998), among others, it is relevant to know how much of IQ scores is due to g and how much is due to specific abilities and skills. Separating the influence of these components may shed light regarding their relationship with educational level. Here we analyzed the standardization sample of the WAISR for Italy (N=1630). We considered a) measurement invariance across four educational levels, and b) IQ variability and IQ differences due to g (general intelligence), VC (verbal comprehension), PO (perceptual organization), and MFD (Memory/Freedom from Distractibility). Results showed that (a) the WAIS-R provides a valid measure of latent g, (b) individual differences in intelligence are properly measured by IQ scores at different educational levels, (c) there is an average increase equal to 1.9 IQ points in the IQ global composite score per year of education, and (d) the relevance of g decreases at increased educational levels
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Increased educational level is related with higher IQ scores but lower g-variance. Evidence from the standardization of the WAIS-R for Italy
No full textThe interactive relationship between educational level and IQ scores is still a matter of discussion, mainly because the latter combine the influence of (1) the general factor of intelligence (g), (2) cognitive abilities, and (3) cognitive skills. As underscored by Jensen (1998), among others, it is relevant to know how much of IQ scores is due to g and how much is due to specific abilities and skills. Separating the influence of these components may shed light regarding their relationship with educational level. Here we analyzed the standardization sample of the WAISR for Italy (N=1630). We considered a) measurement invariance across four educational levels, and b) IQ variability and IQ differences due to g (general intelligence), VC (verbal comprehension), PO (perceptual organization), and MFD (Memory/Freedom from Distractibility). Results showed that (a) the WAIS-R provides a valid measure of latent g, (b) individual differences in intelligence are properly measured by IQ scores at different educational levels, (c) there is an average increase equal to 1.9 IQ points in the IQ global composite score per year of education, and (d) the relevance of g decreases at increased educational level
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Notes on the three species of Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) parasitizing Gonepteryx [Leach, 1815] species (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in Europe, with description of a new species from the Balearic Islands
No full textShaw & Colom sp. nov. is described as a solitary endemic parasitoid of in the Balearic Islands. A key is given to the three known parasitoids of in Europe, and biological notes are given for each species. Some new country records are given
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Null sex differences in general intelligence among elderly.
No full textThe g factor is common to a wide set of cognitive abilities and it is usually considered the most important predictor of success both in academia and everyday life. The information provided by summary intelligence scores, such as IQ, may or may not involve the g factor. This must be explicitly tested. With this main purpose in mind here we analyzed the Italian standardization sample of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) for aged individuals, which was administered to 1168 healthy older adults from 65 to 84 years (584 men and 584 women). Their mean education was equivalent to 6.0 years of formal schooling (SD = 3.6). The average sex difference in FSIQ was equivalent to 7 IQ points favouring men. However, Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed a null average sex difference in g
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