1,720,981 research outputs found
Control biológico de enfermedades de plantas en América Latina y el Caribe
Get PDFDesde el punto de vista agronómico, existen desafíos que aún necesitan ser enfrentados. Un reto importante para los investigadores y la industria en el área de bioproductos es el desarrollo de nuevos agentes de control biológico y productos formulados de calidad que estén disponibles en el mercado. Entre las situaciones a resolver se destacan: el desarrollo de metodologías para la producción a gran escala de agentes de biocontrol y su transferencia al sector privado; el desarrollo de formulaciones que promuevan la facilidad de uso y conservación de los productos biológicos; el desarrollo de metodologías para la evaluación de la calidad de los productos basados en agentes de control biológico; y el desarrollo de métodos para la integración de los agentes de control biológico en los sistemas productivos. Otros retos incluyen: el fomento del uso de las técnicas que conservan o promueven el desarrollo de agentes de control biológico que se producen de forma natural; estimular el desarrollo de bioproductos para el
control de problemas fitosanitarios en cultivos considerados como menores, que tienen un alto índice de uso de plaguicidas; fomentar la aplicación del manejo integrado de plagas; estimular el desarrollo de bioproductos para el control de problemas fitosanitarios de las principales commodities dependientes del uso de pesticidas; el desarrollo de agentes de biocontrol que colaboren con el bienestar animal, reduciendo el uso de productos químicos en los animales; el desarrollo de agentes de biocontrol para controlar las plagas que se producen en instalaciones de producción de animales; y el desarrollo de técnicas para el mantenimiento de zonas de refugio de enemigos naturales, entre otros.
Dentro de este contexto, en esta publicación se presentan la historia, situación actual y perspectivas del Control Biológico de enfermedades de plantas en América Latina y el Caribe. Esta información podría servir de base para la implementación de políticas públicas destinadas al fomento de estas tecnologías
en la producción vegetal. A su vez, investigadores, académicos, estudiantes, profesionales y técnicos interesados en control biológico de enfermedades de las plantas, encontrarán en este libro información acerca de las experiencias, éxitos y dificultades encontradas en esta parte del mundo por parte de quienes han trabajado en el desarrollo de estas tecnologías en la región.
Para lograr la publicación, se invitaron a diferentes especialistas de los países, quienes escribieron el capítulo correspondiente. La invitación tuvo una respuesta positiva de parte de investigadores de Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, República Dominicana, Uruguay y Venezuela, mientras que para la región del Caribe se escribió un capítulo que incluye información recabada en diversos países de esa zona, que puede usarse como ejemplo y punto de partida.
Este libro es el resultado del esfuerzo conjunto de especialistas de esos países y de los editores de Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Uruguay quienes pensamos que es necesario impulsar, incentivar e incrementar el uso de esta tecnología en nuestra región y aportar un marco histórico para esta área de la fitopatología en el continente.Fil: Bettiol, Wagner. Embrapa Meio Ambiente; BrasilFil: Rivera, Marta Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Cátedra de Fitopatología; ArgentinaFil: Mondino, Pedro. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Protección Vegetal. Cátedra de Fitopatología; UruguayFil: Montealegre, Jaime R. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas. Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal; ChileFil: Colmenarez, Yelitza C. CABI América del Sur. UNESP, Lageado; Brasi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Benefits associated with the implementation of biological control programmes in Latin America
No full textAgriculture in Latin America plays a significant role in the region’s economy, food security, and rural development. Although pest control has traditionally relied on chemicals, there is increasing adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Thus, in recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on sustainable agriculture practices, including biological control, to minimise environmental impact, conserve natural resources, and ensure long-term agricultural productivity. In Latin America, high biodiversity enhances biological control, both classical and augmentative biological control. The use of biological control agents allows farmers to produce their crops whilst reducing the use of chemicals in agriculture. In addition, biological control opens new market opportunities for farmers and job options for youth in rural areas. Maximal benefits will however be attained only after adoption of biological control practices and when an effective interaction among key stakeholders is achieved. Thus, farmers and consumers can reap the benefits of biological control, which can incentivise and accelerate adoption at the field level. To evaluate the socio-economic benefits of biological control, establishing multidisciplinary teams to conduct the studies is crucial. The current article explores the benefits resulting from the implementation of biological control programmes, highlighting social benefits. In addition, as part of the Plantwise programme, created to assist agricultural production with a sustainable perspective, data on the use of biopesticides in some countries are discussed in the context of sustainable production looking forward to reinforcing food security and safety in Latin America.FEPAF-UNESP-FCA CABI Latin America, São PauloUniversidad Técnica de Ambato Facultad de Ciencias AgropecuariasFEPAF-UNESP-FCA CABI Latin America, São Paul
Biological Control as Part of the Soybean Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Potential and Challenges
Get PDFSoybean production is usually performed on large scales, requiring simple but efficient pest management to be successful. Soybean fields are inhabited by several species of arthropods, demanding constant development of management practices to prevent pest outbreaks. More recently, stink bugs have become the most important pest group of soybeans in the Neotropics, responsible for up to 60% of the applied insecticides in Brazil. Natural enemies represent an important mortality factor that can keep the damage caused by stink bugs below the economic threshold levels without additional control actions. Thus, Conservation Biological Control (CBC) strategies can be adopted to preserve or even promote the increase in such natural enemies in the fields, or alternatively, massive releases of biocontrol agents in Augmentative Biological Control (ABC) programs could be adopted. Simple practices such as reducing insecticide use (with the adoption of economic thresholds), prioritizing harmless insecticides or biopesticides, and planting resistant soybean cultivars have been adopted in Brazil with positive results. The challenges to increasing the adoption of more complex stink bug management in commodity crops such as soybean may be overcome using the more recent economic incentives in the global agenda of decarbonized agriculture. The potential and challenges of conservation and augmentative biological control are further discussed in this review.Fil: Bueno, Adeney de F.. No especifíca;Fil: Sutil, Weidson P.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Jahnke, Simone M.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Carvalho, Geraldo A.. Universidad Federal de Lavras.; BrasilFil: Cingolani, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Colmenarez, Yelitza C.. No especifíca;Fil: Corniani, Natália. No especifíca
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
