1,721,055 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Depression and Anxiety in Type 2 Diabetes: Associations with Diabetes Onset, Clinical Management, and Long-Term Mortality
No full textType 2 diabetes is a highly prevalent disease which could affect roughly 552 million people globally by the year 2030. In addition to a range of medical complications, individuals with diabetes experience higher rates of mental illness (e.g., depression and anxiety) than the general population. A growing body of evidence suggests that depression may exert important influences at key stages of the diabetes experience, including: diabetes onset, diabetes management, and mortality. A smaller body of research has explored the influence of anxiety on diabetes outcomes, and anxiety is demonstrated to elicit similar effects on the dysregulation of endocrinological or behavioural process as depression. This is of concern given that depression and anxiety co-occur in the majority of primary care cases, and individuals experiencing both disorders tend to have poorer prognoses than either alone. This thesis sought to study the independent and concurrent contributions of depression and anxiety to key diabetes outcomes in a population-based sample of Norwegian adults, through a series of four studies. The first study uses meta-analysis to demonstrate that both depression and anxiety are associated with a moderate increased risk of diabetes onset, and that these effects may only be significant in men. The second study illustrates that the fraction of incident diabetes cases attributable to metabolic and behavioural factors at the population level increases in the presence of depression and anxiety, especially in men. The third study demonstrates that depression and anxiety are differentially associated with some diabetes management outcomes (i.e., glycemic control, c-reactive protein levels, and diet adherence), with variations by patient sex. And the final study provides evidence that long-term mortality risk is lowest in diabetic individuals experiencing anxiety, higher in those with concurrent depression-anxiety, and highest for depression, with variation by sex. Overall, this body of work suggests that both depression and anxiety may result in poorer diabetes outcomes in men across all key stages, while symptoms of anxiety may provide protection against diabetes onset and risk of mortality in women with Type 2 diabetes. Future research should aim to differentiate and control for co-occurring depression and anxiety when examining diabetes outcomes, and report sex-specific estimates as a standard approach
Exploring the Association Between Early Life Stressors & Childhood Protective Factors on Early Adolescent Mental Health Disorders
No full textAbstract
Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), both prospective cohorts, were used to explore the association between early life stressors, childhood protective factors, and early adolescent mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Early life stressors were measured prenatally to the age of 3 within the ALSPAC analysis, while early life stressors were measured between the ages of 1-3 within the NLSCY analysis. Childhood protective factors, exclusively modifiable protective factors, (physical activity, extracurricular activities, positive parenting, and positive friendships) were measured between the ages of 6-11 within both ALSPAC and the NLSCY. Mental health outcomes were measured between the ages of 12-15 in both ALSPAC and the NLSCY. The associations between early life stressors and childhood protective factors on early adolescent mental health outcomes were computed using multivariate logistic regression modeling. It was found that the majority of early life stressors, including prenatal stressors and family dysfunction increased the odds of developing early adolescent mental health disorders although more statistically significant results were found within the NLSCY analysis. Contrarily, it was found that the majority of childhood protective factors reduced the likelihood of early adolescent mental health disorders with some exceptions found within the NLSCY analysis. No interaction terms between early life stressors and childhood protective factors were found to be statistically significant
Biological and Psychosocial Influences on the Associations Between Prenatal Maternal Stress and Children’s Mental Health Outcomes
No full textMental disorders are highly prevalent and represent an increasingly important public health priority in Canada and globally. Extensive research suggests that exposure to prenatal maternal stress can negatively impact offspring neurodevelopment and mental health. However, the factors that influence the development of mental disorders are varied, and do not occur in isolation. As a result, ascertaining which variables may drive or influence the associations between prenatal stress and mental disorders in children is particularly important, given the substantial burden that is attributed to poor mental health. The overarching aim of this doctoral thesis is to examine how biological and psychosocial factors influence the relationships between prenatal maternal stress and children’s mental health outcomes. Four longitudinal studies were conducted to address this aim, using data from three international prospective birth cohort studies. Analyses comprised of structural equation modelling techniques, including latent moderated structural equation models and mediation analyses.
The first two studies utilized data from a Norwegian birth cohort study to examine how parenting and maternal positive mental health, respectively, modified the associations between prenatal maternal stress and children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Broadly, these results demonstrated that positive influences attenuated the associations between prenatal maternal stress and children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms, whereas negative influences strengthened the associations. The final two studies utilized data from Dutch and British birth cohorts. These studies sought to examine whether maternal and child inflammatory marker concentrations mediated the associations between prenatal maternal stress and children’s mental health outcomes. There was no significant mediation through maternal levels of C-reactive protein during pregnancy, however, the association between prenatal maternal stress and generalized anxiety disorder in adolescence was mediated by children’s levels of interleukin-6. Prenatal maternal stress was consistently associated with children’s mental health across all four studies.
This doctoral thesis has identified several important factors that influence the associations between prenatal maternal stress and children’s mental health. Findings can serve to facilitate further research in this area, and ultimately, impact both health policy and clinical practice by stimulating the provision of tailored prevention and intervention efforts that may potentially reduce the burden of poor mental health
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