1,720,998 research outputs found
Fibrous Dysplasia
No full textPrimer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, 8th Edition is the comprehensive revision of the field-leading reference on bone and mineral health. The eighth edition has been fully revised by the leading researchers and clinicians in the field to provide concise coverage of the widest possible spectrum of metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. Chapters look to explain basic biological factors of healthy development and disease states and make it easily translatable to clinical interventions
Fibrous dysplasia
No full textFibrous dysplasia of bone (FD) (OMIM #174800) is an uncommon skeletal disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical presentation. On one end of the spectrum, patients may present in adulthood with an incidentally discovered, asymptomatic radiographic finding of no clinical significance. On the other end of the spectrum, patients present early in life with disabling disease. The disease may involve one bone (monostotic FD), multiple bones (polyostotic FD), or the entire skeleton (panostotic FD) [1–3]. FD may be associated with a wide range of extraskeletal manifestations, the most common of which is patches of cutaneous hyperpigmentation commonly referred to as café‐au‐lait macules. These lesions vary widely in size but typically have characteristic features that include jagged, “coast of Maine” borders, some relationship with the midline, and sometimes follow the developmental lines of Blashcko (Fig. 108.1A–E). Other extraskeletal manifestations include hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies, such as precocious puberty, hyperthyroidism, growth hormone excess, and Cushing’s syndrome. FD in combination with one or more extraskeletal manifestations is known as McCune–Albright syndrome (MAS) [4–7]. Renal phosphate wasting caused by overproduction of FGF23 by dysplastic bone cells, is one of the more common and clinically significant extraskeletal manifestations [8]. An association of FD with possibly premalignant, cystic lesions of the pancreas (intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms) has recently been reported, and is emerging as one of the more common extraskeletal manifestations [9]. More rarely, FD may be associated with intramuscular myxomas (Mazabraud’s syndrome) [10] or dysfunction of the heart, liver, or other organs within the context of the MAS [11]
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Incidentally detected giant oncocytoma arising in retroperitoneal adrenal tissue
No full textA nonfunctional retroperitoneal oncocytoma incidentally discovered in a 40-year-old woman is described. The tumor, which was 17 cm in largest dimension, was completely separated from the kidneys and adrenal glands and consisted of nests of polygonal cells with large, granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm. Significant nuclear atypia, necrosis, and mitosis were absent. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed the oncocytic nature of the neoplastic cells. Since neoplastic cells were not immunoreactive for chromogranin and did not contain dense-core secretory granules, the diagnosis of oncocytic paraganglioma was excluded. Cells immunoreactive for 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, the enzyme catalyzing the conversions of pregnenolone to progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione, were identified in the tumor, thus strongly indicating adrenocortical tissue origin. Multiple nests of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-positive cells were detected in the loose retroperitoneal connective tissue. These findings strongly support the origin of the tumor from heterotopic retroperitoneal rests of the adrenal gland. To our knowledge, only 1 similar case has been described in the literature to date
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