642 research outputs found
Paddy On The Pike
No full textTune played by Ebb Collins & Wilson Douglas during the Appalachian South Folklife Festival in Pipestem, West Virginia on July 20th 1979. Fiddle Tunes--Georgia
Paddy Field Classification by Remote Sensing
No full textClassification of paddy field is one of noteworthy problems in connection with recent paddy conversion program. In this paper, the author tries to estimate productivity of paddy field by using LANDSAT MSS data of Naganumacho, Hokkaido in July 1982. As for ground truth data, Mean Paddy Yield by Village, which is provided by the 1980 Agricultural Census, and Aerial Photo taken in early June 1982, are used so as to distinguish between two types of paddy fields, each of which belongs to high or low paddy yielding area. In this case, it seems successful to extract low yielding paddy fields, which is closely related with soil condition. Improving such method shown in this paper contributes to the analysis and planning of paddy conversion problems. This paper is dedicated to Prof. Dr. Osamu Nishikawa in celebration of his sixtieth birthday
Diversity and Activity Patterns of Medium‐Sized and Large Terrestrial Mammals in Agroforests of a Peruvian Amazon Rainforest Region
No full textABSTRACT Agroforests offer potential for biodiversity conservation through a land‐sharing approach. However, it remains uncertain whether they can support medium‐sized and large forest‐dependent terrestrial mammals. We evaluated the diversity and activity patterns of such mammals in agroforests and natural forests in the northern buffer zone of the Tambopata National Reserve in the Peruvian Amazon. For agroforests specifically, we examined the influence of connectivity to the core zone of the reserve, vegetation structure and human presence on mammal diversity and activity. In total, 21 species were recorded using camera traps. Agroforests supported 15 species, significantly fewer than neighbouring forests. Five of the seven threatened species were found exclusively in forests. Nonetheless, one third of the recorded species exhibited similar or higher trapping rates in agroforests, with Tapirus terrestris showing rates up to 6.3 times higher than in forests. The diurnality index across cathemeral species was significantly higher in agroforests adjacent to the protected area and marginally so in forests. In agroforests, mammal diversity increased with greater tree DBH, canopy cover and taller understorey vegetation. The trapping rate of Dasyprocta variegata also increased with total tree species richness. Agroforests along the Tambopata River can thus support a substantial number of medium‐sized and large terrestrial mammals. However, forests remain critical for conserving mammal species richness, particularly for those of urgent conservation concern. Enhanced vegetation structure in agroforests—particularly larger trees, a denser canopy, and taller understorey vegetation—can increase their value as a habitat for medium‐sized and large forest‐dependent terrestrial mammals.Idea Wild https://doi.org/10.13039/100007142Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst https://doi.org/10.13039/50110000165
Parameterization of canopy resistance for modeling the energy partitioning of a paddy rice field
No full textModels for predicting hourly canopy resistance (rc) and latent heat flux (LET) based on the Penman–Monteith (PM) and bulk transfer methods are presented. The micrometeorological data and LET were observed during paddy rice-growing seasons in 2010 in Japan. One approach to model rc was using an aerodynamic resistance (ra) and climatic resistance (r*), while another one was based on a relationship with solar radiation (SR). Nonlinear relationships between rc and r*, and between rc and SR were found for different growing stages of the rice crop. The constructed rc models were integrated to the PM and bulk transfer methods and compared with measured LET using a Bowen ratio–energy balance method. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) were 155.2 and 170.5 W m−2 for the bulk transfer method with rc estimated using r* and with a function of SR, respectively, while the RMSEs were 87.4 and 85.7 W m−2 for the PM method with rc estimated using r* and SR, respectively. The rc integrated PM equation provided better performance than the bulk transfer equation. The results also revealed that neglecting the effect of ra on rc did not yield a significant difference in predicting LET.Water Resource
Biochemical investigations of hyperhomocysteinemia
No full textTHESIS 5895Hyperhomocysteinemia, a condition where plasma homocysteine occurs at an abnormally elevated level, is a common finding in vascular disease subjects. Several
genetic and nutritional factors have been implicated. The first part of this thesis describes attempts to investigate the cellular basis for the accumulation of homocysteine seen in mild hyperhomocysteinemia. A method involving radiolabelling of methionine and its derivatives was designed to determine the fate of homocysteine in cells. It was hoped that such a system might provide insight into the factors that contribute to hyperhomocysteinemia. This study was carried out in nine control (non hyperhomocysteinemic) individuals and in seven vascular disease subjects, four of whom had mild hyperhomocysteinemia
Use of delta-d technology to prevent paddy straw burning and to produce paddy straw powder in the paddy field which can be used as organic fertiliser and a low cost, renewable fuel for thermal and electrical power generation
No full textCoal is cheap compared to most other
fossil fuels. However, the higher emission of CO2
has made coal, one of the major contributors to
greenhouse effect, global warming and climate
change on earth. Forest cover and agriculture are
the main absorption systems that reduce CO2 in
the atmosphere by photosynthesis. Sometimes
forests are major contributors of CO2 to the
atmosphere due to sporadic bushfires around the
world. Agriculture, on the other hand, absorbs
CO2, produces food, creates employment, and
maintains a healthy, sustainable and safe eco
system which never causes bush fires. Sri Lanka’s
major food crop is paddy, and the annual
production is more than 3.5 million MT. Paddy
straw (PS) is the major by-product and its annual
production is more than 5 million MT. Presently,
paddy is harvested by combined harvesters and
after the harvest, straw stubble and cut pieces are
scattered in the paddy field. Since PS is a major
hindrance to field preparation for the next crop,
with minimum turnaround time, most of the
farmers burn PS, which causes atmospheric
pollution due to emission of, heat, CO, CO2, SOx,
NOx, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), and
particulate matter. Delta-D Technology is a
patented technology, invented by the author of this
paper. By using Delta-D Technology all types of
organic waste can be rapidly digested and
converted into powder. This paper discusses
research carried out by the author, to convert
large quantities of PS, lying in the paddy field, into
a paddy straw powder (PSP). PSP can be easily
combusted in a furnace or a boiler by spraying
into the combustion zon
Fingerprinting using compound-specific δ13C of n-alkanes reveals the temporary role of paddy fields as a secondary source for watershed sediment loss
No full textSediment fingerprinting generates reliable sediment provenance information which supports policy or practical strategies for catchment sediment management. But the approach remains challenging in areas with complex landscape configuration. This investigation evaluated the seasonality of biomarker signatures and their variability among particle size fractions, and accordingly apportioned target time-integrated suspended sediment to land-use based sources in an intensive farming watershed with mosaic land use patch configurations and crop-specific farming practices. Source materials (i.e., topsoil) from dry croplands, paddy fields and citrus orchards were sampled, and time-integrated suspended sediment was collected at the watershed outlet. The absolute concentrations and compound-specific δ13C of long-chain saturated n-alkanes (C23-C33) were determined for two absolute particle size fractions (i.e., <25 μm and 25-63 μm). The δ13C of monomeric n-alkanes displayed no significant variabilities between the particle size fractions nor across the whole sampling period. The MixSIAR Bayesian model was employed to quantify sediment source contributions. Due to human activities, paddy fields have become an important sediment source, but dry farmland remains the largest contributor. Based on sediment source information for the study watershed, a range of measures such as soil virginization, returning straw to fields, and pasture cultures in orchards are recommended
Rotational Cropping Introducing Tama Ryegrass Renge, (Astragalus sinicus), Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata var tecnus) and Horse Bean (Vicia faba) in Paddy Field
No full textThe author was successful in introducing Tama Rye grass mixed with Renge by surface sowing just after the harvest of rice in paddy fields (in dried up condition). The grasses were cut 3-4 cm long, spread between young plants of rice after transplanting and the paddy field filled with water. Then the grasses covered well for depressing weed growth and contributed as green manures. The author was also successful in introducing grasses in rice fields and producing pumpkin or corn then horse beans in paddy fields after they dried up. This rotational cropping of grass -rice- corn or pumpkin and horse beans in paddy fields is named Kawase’s Rotational Cropping
Identification and isolation of active N2O reducers in rice paddy soil
No full textDissolved N2O is occasionally detected in surface and ground water in rice paddy fields, whereas little or no N2O is emitted to the atmosphere above these fields. This indicates the occurrence of N2O reduction in rice paddy fields; however, identity of the N2O reducers is largely unknown. In this study, we employed both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches to identify N2O reducers in rice paddy soil. In a soil microcosm, N2O and succinate were added as the electron acceptor and donor, respectively, for N2O reduction. For the stable isotope probing (SIP) experiment, 13C-labeled succinate was used to identify succinate-assimilating microbes under N2O-reducing conditions. DNA was extracted 24 h after incubation, and heavy and light DNA fractions were separated by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and clone library analysis targeting the 16S rRNA and the N2O reductase gene were performed. For culture-dependent analysis, the microbes that elongated under N2O-reducing conditions in the presence of cell division inhibitors were individually captured by a micromanipulator and transferred to a low-nutrient medium. The N2O-reducing ability of these strains was examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results of the SIP analysis suggested that Burkholderiales and Rhodospirillales bacteria dominated the population under N2O-reducing conditions, in contrast to the control sample (soil incubated with only 13C-succinate added). Results of the single-cell isolation technique also indicated that the majority of the N2O-reducing strains belonged to the genera Herbaspirillum (Burkholderiales) and Azospirillum (Rhodospirillales). In addition, Herbaspirillum strains reduced N2O faster than Azospirillum strains. These results suggest that Herbaspirillum spp. may have an important role in N2O reduction in rice paddy soils
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Seasonal variation of methane flux from a California rice paddy
No full textTo allow increased understanding of the global budget of atmospheric methane, individual methane sources require investigation. We have measured methane emissions from a California rice paddy during the entire 1982 growing season. A very strong seasonal dependence was observed. -from Author
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