1,720,969 research outputs found
Trichotillomania in sexual minority individuals
No full textBackground: trichotillomania is a common psychiatric disorder, but little is known about whether or how it differs in people with minority sexual identities. We sought to understand whether lesbian, gay, bisexual, and other individuals differ from heterosexual individuals in terms ofhair pulling and associated characteristics. Methods: a total of 207 participants age 18 to 64 with trichotillomania undertook clinical evaluations. Those who identified as sexual minorities were compared to those who identified as heterosexuals on clinical measures, comorbidities, impulsivity, and stress responses. Results: overall, 33 participants (15.9%) identified as sexual minorities. These individuals showed significantly higher levels of attentional impulsivity and higher rates of co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder compared to heterosexual participants. The groups did not differ in terms of trichotillomania severity or dysfunction due to trichotillomania or in terms of stress response. Conclusions: the rate of sexual minorities in this study (15.9%) is higher than recent US Census Bureau data for sexual minorities in the US population (11.7%). People with trichotillomania from sexual minority groups may present with unique clinical symptoms. Treatments may need to be tailored for this population.</p
Disorders of impulsivity in trichotillomania and skin picking disorder
No full textTrichotillomania and skin picking disorder are often classified as body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) as they are characterized by repetitive hair-pulling and skin picking, respectively. They were initially considered to be impulse control disorders despite little research scrutiny. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of these two conditions to other disorders with impulsive features. Adults with trichotillomania (n = 104) and skin picking (n = 178) or both (n = 96) were recruited from the general community using advertisements and online support groups and completed an online survey. Participants undertook a structured clinical interview and completion of self-report instruments to characterize clinical profiles and associated characteristics. In addition, each participant completed the Minnesota Impulse Disorders Interview to screen for disorders with impulsive features. Of the 378 adults with BFRBs, 134 (35.4%) screened positive for at least one disorder with features of impulsivity with the most common being compulsive buying (18.3%) and problematic use of the internet (17.5%). Participants with a co-occurring disorder of impulsivity reported significantly worse pulling and picking symptoms (p < .001), were more likely to have co-occurring alcohol problems (p < .001) and PTSD (p < .001), and scored higher regarding dissociative symptoms (p < .001). BFRBs are associated with a range of impulsive disorders and the comorbidity may have important treatment implications.</p
Clinical characteristics of trichotillomania
No full textBackground: trichotillomania is a common psychiatric disorder classified as an obsessive-compulsive and related condition in DSM-5. Despite being first described in the 1800s, little is known about its phenomenology and clinical presentation. Most information about trichotillomania is based on small samples.Methods: clinical and demographic data were collected from 858 individuals with trichotillomania who participated in research studies that used in-person assessments with validated instruments.Results: a total of 858 adolescents and adults (mean age 29.3; range 11 to 65; 89.9% female) were recruited. The peak age of symptom onset was 11 to 15, and most affected individuals (93.5%) had symptom onset before age 20. Individuals reported pulling from several body sites, and the most frequent triggers were stress and the feel oftheir hair. Comorbidities included major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and skin picking disorder. Most individuals with trichotillomania (61.7%) previously had received treatment. Among those who had received treatment, more individuals had received medication (43.4%) than psychotherapy (33.0%).Conclusions: this study sheds new light on the clinical presentation and phenomenology oftrichotillomania. Results highlight the need for further research into its clinical presentation, longitudinal course, and optimal treatment approaches.</p
Elevated rates of GI-focused inflammatory illnesses in trichotillomania and skin picking disorder: a survey study
No full textBorderline personality disorder in Trichotillomania and skin picking disorder: A survey study
Get PDFBackground: Comorbidity studies in trichotillomania and skin picking disorder (known as Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors, BFRBs) have traditionally not examined rates of borderline personality disorder. When it co-occurs, borderline personality disorder may necessitate different treatment approaches and if untreated may interfere with the response to the treatment for trichotillomania or skin picking disorder. The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the rate of co-occurring borderline personality disorder in BFRBs; and (2) explore associations between co-occurring borderline personality disorder and relevant clinical characteristics (such as demographic features, BFRB symptom severity, lifetime history of suicide attempt[s], levels of dissociation, and other comorbidities including impulsive conditions that are often unmeasured in studies). Methods: Adults with skin picking disorder, trichotillomania, or both completed an online survey. The survey was comprised of demographic and clinical questions, plus instruments to measure for probable borderline personality disorder, as well as BFRB severity, dissociation, impulse control conditions (including BFRBs), and alcohol use disorder. Each participant also completed questions about previous formal mental health diagnoses. Results: Of the 281 adults with BFRBs (n = 105 with skin picking disorder; 93 with trichotillomania, and 82 with both disorders), 105 (37.4%) screened positive for a probable diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Participants screening positive for probable borderline personality disorder reported significantly worse pulling and picking symptoms (p Conclusions: These data suggest relatively high rates of borderline personality disorder in people with BFRBs, in turn linked to more severe psychopathology and elevated lifetime suicide attempt risk. Perhaps the comorbidity with borderline personality disorder reflects a possible subtype of these behaviors that is more impulsive and may necessitate different treatment approaches.</p
Suicidal ideation and attempts in trichotillomania
No full textTrichotillomania is characterized by chronic pulling out of one's hair. Given the negative sequelae of trichotillomania, we examined rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Of the 219 adults (mean age = 29.5 years; 88% female) recruited, 40 (18.3%) reported lifetime suicidal ideation, and 5 (2.3%) reported a lifetime suicide attempt. Those with histories of suicidal ideation were significantly more likely to have major depressive disorder. Our findings suggest that suicidal ideation and attempts are common in trichotillomania and support the idea that comorbid depression should be considered a risk factor for suicidality
Hazardous Alcohol Use in Trichotillomania
No full textTrichotillomania is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by repetitive hair-pulling. Its relationship to alcohol use problems has received virtually no research scrutiny. Adults with trichotillomania (n = 121) were recruited from the general community, along with 66 healthy controls for reference purposes (in terms of overall levels of hazardous drinking). Participants undertook structured clinical interview and completion of self-report instruments to characterize clinical profiles and associated characteristics. In the trichotillomania sample, we compared variables of interest between those with past-year hazardous alcohol use and those without. Of the 121 adults with trichotillomania, 16 (13.2%) scored ≥ 8 on the AUDIT indicating hazardous alcohol use as compared to 5 (7.5%) of the healthy controls – this difference was not statistically significant. In trichotillomania cases, past year hazardous drinking was associated with significantly higher trait impulsivity, but not with differences in the other variables that were examined. This study highlights the importance of screening for alcohol use problems in people with trichotillomania. More research is needed into this comorbid presentation, including work to explore the impact of hazardous alcohol use on clinical treatment outcomes, as well as how treatments might best be adapted to treat individuals affected by both disorders.</p
Compulsive sexual behavior disorder: rates and clinical correlates in a community sample
Get PDFBackgroundThis study sought to examine the rate of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) in a sample of adults drawn from the community and its associated mental health correlates.MethodsAn online survey of “Personality, Mental Health, and Well-Being” was distributed via Prolific to 300 adults aged 18 to 75 years. The survey measured a range of behaviors, such as sexual behavior, alcohol and drug use, and dimensional constructs of impulsivity and compulsivity using validated self-report instruments.ResultsA total of 296 participants (54.7% female) completed the survey and were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of probable compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) was 10.8% (n=32). Compared to adults without CSBD, those with CSBD were more likely to be younger and identify as bisexual. In addition, they were more likely to have attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms, social media and drug use problems, and higher levels of obsessionality, trans-diagnostic compulsivity, and trans-diagnostic impulsivity. Gender, race, and alcohol use did not significantly differ between groups.ConclusionCSBD appears to be common in adults and is equally represented in males and females. CSBD appears to have obsessive, compulsive, and impulsive traits and this may have nosological importance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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