1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Influence du mors sur le stress du cheval au travail, étude expérimentale
No full textThe bit, used since Antiquity to control horses, is now the subject of debate regarding its potential effects on animal welfare. This study aimed to evaluate, under standardized experimental conditions, the influence of the bit on physiological, behavioural, and subjective indicators of stress in ridden horses. Eighteen adult horses of various breeds and training levels were tested under two conditions: a dressage test performed with a bit (usual bridle) and without a bit (Side-pull). Each horse was ridden by its regular rider to ensure consistency in handling and riding style. Recorded parameters included average and maximal heart rate (Equimètre® sensor), behavioural indicators of discomfort analysed from video recordings, a qualitative behaviour assessment completed by the rider, and a dressage score given by an independent judge. Average heart rate was significantly higher with the bit (101.4 ± 13.8 bpm) than with the Side-pull (96.5 ± 11.3 bpm; p = 0.022), indicating increased physiological activation. In contrast, maximal heart rate (131.4 ± 21.7 bpm vs 126.1 ± 16.9 bpm) did not differ significantly. Horses spent more time with the head behind the vertical when ridden with the bit (16.3 % ± 24.0) than with the Side-pull (2.1 % ± 8.3; p = 0.003). The judge assigned higher attitude scores (6.3 ± 1.3 vs 5.3 ± 1.2; p = 0.003) and a higher overall mark in the bitted condition (66.2 ± 7.0 %) than without a bit (62.7 ± 8.0 %; p = 0.009). However, eight out of the eighteen horses showed altered locomotion when ridden with the Side-pull. These results suggest that the bit tends to induce greater physiological activation but provides a more stable posture, while the Side-pull promotes a more open frame and a more relaxed behavioural expression. The effects of the bridle appear to depend strongly on the individual horse–rider pair, highlighting the importance of selecting equipment that balances technical effectiveness and animal welfare.Le mors, utilisé depuis l'Antiquité pour contrôler le cheval, demeure un élément central de l'équitation moderne. Cependant, son emploi suscite des interrogations quant à ses effets sur le confort et le bien-être de l'animal. L'objectif de ce travail était d'évaluer, dans des conditions expérimentales standardisées, l'influence du port du mors sur les indicateurs physiologiques, comportementaux et subjectifs de stress chez le cheval monté. Dix-huit chevaux adultes, ont été testés dans deux conditions : reprise de dressage avec mors (filet habituel) et sans mors (Side-pull), montés par leur cavalier habituel afin de garantir la constance des aides et du style de monte. Les paramètres étudiés incluaient la fréquence cardiaque moyenne et maximale (capteur Equimètre®), les comportements indicateurs d'inconfort analysés à partir de vidéos, l'évaluation qualitative du comportement par le cavalier et la notation par un juge de dressage indépendant. La fréquence cardiaque moyenne était significativement plus élevée avec mors (101,4 ± 13,8 bpm) qu'en Side-pull (96,5 ± 11,3 bpm ; p = 0,022), traduisant une activation physiologique accrue. En revanche, la fréquence cardiaque maximale (131,4 ± 21,7 bpm vs 126,1 ± 16,9 bpm) ne différait pas significativement. Les chevaux passaient davantage de temps la tête en arrière de la verticale avec mors (16,3 % ± 24,0) qu'en Side-pull (2,1 % ± 8,3 ; p = 0,003). Le juge a attribué une meilleure attitude (6,3 ± 1,3 vs 5,3 ± 1,2 ; p = 0,003) et une note finale supérieure en filet (66,2 ± 7,0 %) qu'en Side-pull (62,7 ± 8,0 % ; p = 0,009) ; huit chevaux sur dix-huit ont présenté une locomotion altérée en Side-pull. Ces résultats montrent que le mors tend à induire une activation physiologique plus marquée mais offre une attitude plus stable, tandis que le Side-pull favorise une posture plus ouverte et une expression comportementale plus détendue. L'effet du harnachement apparaît dépendant du couple cheval–cavalier, soulignant l'importance d'un choix individualisé conciliant efficacité technique et bien-être animal
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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