52,563 research outputs found
M. longus colli dorsalis, pars cranialis.
No full text<p>A) Dorsal view on M. longus colli dorsalis, pars cranialis. Vertebrae numbers are indicated (C2-C7). The slips from the pars cranialis insert to the tendo axialis (ta) from a pars caudalis (ca) slip. The lateral processus of C2, which serve as insertion point for the tendo axialis are indicated with broken lines. The M. interspinalis (is), M. splenius capitis (sc) and M. longus colli dorsalis, pars profunda (pr) are indicated for reference. Coordinate system indicates lateral (L), caudal (Ca) and cranial (Cr). Scale bar represents one centimetre. B-G) Muscle attachment sites of the M. longus colli dorsalis, pars cranialis indicated with red circles in the three-dimensional models of the vertebrae of <i>T</i>. <i>f</i>. <i>pratincola</i> from dorsal view (cranial is on top). Scale bars in B-G represent one millimetre (adapted from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0134272#pone.0134272.ref005" target="_blank">5</a>]). H) Connection diagram from lateral view of M. longus colli dorsalis, pars cranialis in <i>T</i>. <i>f</i>. <i>pratincola</i>; origin and insertion sites are connected with lines representing the muscle slips, broken lines represent the tendo axialis. The arrowhead indicates that this muscle slip (from the M. longus colli dorsalis, pars caudalis) runs further caudally. I) Connection diagram from dorsal view of M. rectus capitis ventralis in which the muscle attachment sites are indicated with red circles and are interconnected by a line representing the muscle slips. Broken lines indicate the tendo axialis. The arrowheads indicate that this muscle slip (from the M. longus colli dorsalis, pars caudalis) runs further caudally.</p
M. longus colli dorsalis overview.
No full text<p>Dorsal view on M. longus colli dorsalis: pars cranialis (bordered by solid line) is located cranially and connected to the more caudally located pars caudalis by the tendo axialis (ta). The pars profunda (surrounded by dotted rectangle) is located ventrally from the pars caudalis. All parts are located ventrally from the M. biventer cervicis (bc). Cranium (cr) and aponeurosis notarii (an) are indicated for clarity. Coordinate system indicates lateral (L), caudal (Ca) and cranial (Cr). Scale bar represents one centimetre.</p
M. longus colli ventralis.
No full text<p>A) Lateral view on M. longus colli ventralis. The muscle originates from T2 as indicated by an asterisk. Muscle starts fleshy and becomes aponeurotic and splits when it runs cranially. The aponeurotic parts can clearly be seen in the middle region. Coordinate system indicates dorsal (D), caudal (Ca), ventral (V) and cranial (Cr). Scale bar represents one centimetre. B-I) Muscle attachment sites of the M. longus colli ventralis indicated with red circles in the three-dimensional models of the vertebrae of <i>T</i>. <i>f</i>. <i>pratincola</i>: lateral left view (cranial is to the left). Scale bars represent one millimetre (adapted from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0134272#pone.0134272.ref005" target="_blank">5</a>]). J) Connection diagram from lateral view of M. longus colli ventralis in <i>T</i>. <i>f</i>. <i>pratincola</i>; origin and insertion sites are connected with lines representing the muscle slips, broken lines represent aponeurotic parts. K) Connection diagram from dorsal view of M. rectus capitis ventralis in which the muscle attachment sites are indicated with red circles and are interconnected by lines representing the muscle slips. The blue lines represent ventrally located slips, which are thus actually behind the field of vision in a dorsal view.</p
Diffuse degassing of carbon dioxide on the NW sector of Colli Albani volcanic complex (Rome, Italy)
No full textSystematic CO2 soil flux surveys at Cava dei Selci on the Colli Albani volcano (28 seasonal surveys since the year 2000) have shown a significant variation of diffuse CO2 release, with a marked decrease, from 25 to 4 tonnes/day, from May 2000 to August 2004, followed by a new increase. Over the same period, CO2 flux halved at S. Maria delle Mole (16.8 tonnes/day in 2000 and 8.3 tonnes/day in 2006). Also the quantity of CO2 dissolved in the deep waters of the Albano crater lake decreased by one order of magnitude in the period 1997-2006. The high CO2 flux values in 2000 could represent the “tail” of a strong degassing episode recorded at Colli Albani in 1995 and related to local earthquakes. The following decrease of CO2 flux could reflect a permeability decrease caused by hydrothermal calcite precipitation favored by PCO2 reduction in the deep sourcePublishedKunming, China4.5. Degassamento naturaleope
M. longus colli dorsalis, pars profunda.
No full text<p>A) Dorsal view on M. longus colli dorsalis, pars profunda. Due to its deep location more dorsally located muscle slips were spread apart by needles. The numbers of the cervical vertebrae are indicated (C6-C12). Coordinate system indicates lateral (L), caudal (Ca) and cranial (Cr). Scale bar represents one centimetre. B-I) Attachment sites of the individual M. longus colli dorsalis, pars profunda slips. Vertebrae in B-E are shown in dorsal view in which cranial is on top, vertebrae in F-I are shown in lateral view in which left is cranial. The colours of the circles indicate to which slip the attachment site belongs and corresponds with the colours as used in the connection diagram (J). Scale bars in B-I represent one millimetre (adapted from: [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0134272#pone.0134272.ref005" target="_blank">5</a>]). J) Connection diagram from lateral view of M. longus colli dorsalis, pars profunda in <i>T</i>. <i>f</i>. <i>pratincola</i>; origin and insertion sites are connected with lines representing the muscle slips. Colours are given for clarity and represent slips from the same muscle and correspond to the colours in B-I.</p
Geochemistry of the Albano crater lake
No full textAlbano Lake is within the youngest polygenetic crater of Colli Albani, from which several lahar-generating water overflows occurred up to early Roman times. The area has anomalous gas emissions and is affected by seismicity and uplift. The geochemistry of the lake have been
systematically investigated since 2003 by measuring physico-chemical parameters along vertical profiles with a multiparametric probe and by collecting water samples for chemical and isotopic analyses. The lake is thermally and chemically stratified, with an anoxic hypolimnion from 270 m to the bottom (2167 m). The isotopic composition of dissolved helium and total carbon
is similar to that of the main gas emissions of Colli Albani and of the phenocryst inclusions of the Alban volcanics, suggesting that an endogenous gas of deep provenance is injected into the lake water. The dissolved CO2 content is, however, far from saturation, and no Nyos-type hazardous
gas cloud emission may presently occur in the lake. Temperature and chemical time variations indicate that water rollover episodes occur in harsh rainy winters when the surface lake temperature cools below 8.5 8C. Such rollovers tend to homogenize the physico-chemistry of the lake water and
reduce the dissolved CO2 content. They may cause an environmental hazard because of related toxic algal blooms.Published259–2671.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcanireserve
The impact of temporal aggregation of solid precipitation measurements on the correction for wind induced undercatch.
No full textSolid precipitation measurements are strongly affected by wind-induced errors, due to the aerodynamic response of catching type gauges. The snowflakes deviate from their undisturbed trajectories due to the alteration of the airflow field around the body of the gauge and the corresponding developed turbulence. The resulting effect consists in a certain degree of undercatch, which is a function of the undisturbed wind velocity.
Windshields have been developed to provide reference solid precipitation measurements in field test sites, e.g. the Double Fence Intercomparison Reference (DFIR), or employed in operational measurements with the aim of reducing the effect of the wind, such as the Single Alter shield (SA).
Various authors have studied wind-induced errors from different point of view (theoretical, numerical and experimental). The available data from CFD and field tests studies (Colli, 2015; Wolff,2 2015) lead to determine the Collection Efficiency (CE) of the gauges, which is a relation between the solid precipitation undercatch and the wind speed, and consequently the transfer function (TF) used to correct the wind-induced errors.
Since solid precipitation records, and the associated wind speed data, are commonly stored with a quite coarse resolution in time (60 or 30 minutes), we investigated the impact of the aggregation scale on the accuracy of snowfall data when corrected by using the transfer functions. From the WMO SPICE (Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment) field campaign, we selected a number of snowfall events from the Marshall Field test site (Colorado, USA) during the winter seasons from 2013 to 2015. Three Geonor weighing gauges with different configurations (unshielded, Single Alter shielded and DFIR as the reference) recorded the snowfall rates. Both precipitation and wind speed data are quality controlled and provided with the time resolution of 1 minute.
The CE and the respective Transfer Function have been derived from the selected number of snowfall events. From the reference (DFIR) snowfall data and the wind speed values at the time resolution of 1 min, we derived synthetic sequences of wind affected snowfall rates using the derived CE curves at the coarser time resolution. The synthetic observations have been obtained both for the Unshielded and SA gauges.
Using the TF, the synthetic dataset has been corrected using different aggregation intervals (5, 15 and 30 minutes). It is observed that, by increasing the aggregation interval of both snow and wind data, the efficacy of the correction decreases, indicating that high resolution snowfall and wind measurements are essential to ensure high quality snowfall measurements
Geochemistry of the Albano crater lake
No full textAlbano Lake is within the youngest polygenetic crater of Colli Albani, from which several lahar-generating water overflows occurred up to early Roman times. The area has anomalous gas emissions and is affected by seismicity and uplift. The geochemistry of the lake have been
systematically investigated since 2003 by measuring physico-chemical parameters along vertical profiles with a multiparametric probe and by collecting water samples for chemical and isotopic analyses. The lake is thermally and chemically stratified, with an anoxic hypolimnion from 270 m to the bottom (2167 m). The isotopic composition of dissolved helium and total carbon
is similar to that of the main gas emissions of Colli Albani and of the phenocryst inclusions of the Alban volcanics, suggesting that an endogenous gas of deep provenance is injected into the lake water. The dissolved CO2 content is, however, far from saturation, and no Nyos-type hazardous
gas cloud emission may presently occur in the lake. Temperature and chemical time variations indicate that water rollover episodes occur in harsh rainy winters when the surface lake temperature cools below 8.5 8C. Such rollovers tend to homogenize the physico-chemistry of the lake water and
reduce the dissolved CO2 content. They may cause an environmental hazard because of related toxic algal blooms.Published259–2671.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcanireserve
Sistematicità intrecciata, non lineare. Le implicazioni filosofiche dello stile aforistico in Giorgio Colli
No full textLa scrittura del filosofo italiano Giorgio Colli è caratterizzata, questo è noto, da uno stile molto vivido e personale. Questa relazione ha l'obiettivo di ripercorrere la sua produzione scritta per cercare di rintracciare le costanti che ne hanno definito l'alto valore anche sul piano espositivo e letterario. Si dimostrerà, quindi, che questo tipo di stile riflette nella forma un'indagine filosofica sul valore comunicativo della filosofia, in particolare attraverso forme non sistematiche come l'aforisma, che è alla base delle ricerche più prolifiche di Colli
Volcanic hazards of the Colli Albani
No full textAlthough controversy exists about the age of its most recent eruption (either 36 ka or
,23 ka), Colli Albani volcano is unanimously considered to be quiescent and not exinct.
During the Holocene, several lahars were generated by overflows from Albano crater lake up to the fourth century BCE, when the Romans excavated a drainage tunnel to keep the lake level below the crater rim. Such recent activity, together with the frequent occurrence of seismic swarms underneath the crater zone, the ongoing uplift of the volcanic edifice and the magmatic affinity
of the emitted gas, indicate the presence of an active magma chamber. The most likely site for a new eruption is the deep crater hosted in the southern part of the Lake Albano, where the last eruptive events occurred. Any eruption would have a strong explosive character enhanced by the interaction of magma with the water of the lake and would endanger a densely inhabited area up to the outskirts of Rome. The hazard of a new overflow from Lake Albano is very low because of the present low level of the lae. There is instead a potential for CO2 release from the deep lake water following the occurrence of rollovers, which would threaten the lake shore, a site where
thousands of people spend their vacations in the summer. However, the content of dissolved
CO2 is presently far from saturation and no Nyos-type events will occur today. Presently, the main hazard is related to strong gas emissions (CO2, H2S and Rn) from fractured zones and gas blowouts from wells reaching shallow gas-pressurized aquifers.Published279 – 2974.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanicareserve
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