1,721,059 research outputs found
System design of a shape memory alloy actuator for automotive tumble flaps
No full textThe continuous advance in mechatronics has long attracted researchers towards the development of new highly integrated actuators for automotive applications. Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) offer many favourable characteristics that make this technology very attractive for mechatronic actuators. This paper presents the design, the prototype fabrication and the functional testing of an SMA binary actuator for automotive tumble flaps. The innovative solid-state actuation system is proposed as an alternative to traditional electric or pneumatic effectors used to drive tumble flaps of an air intake manifold for internal combustion engines. Copyright © 2006 SAE International
On neglecting free-stream turbulence in numerical simulation of the wind-induced bias of snow gauges
No full textNumerical studies of the wind-induced bias of precipitation measurements assume that
turbulence is generated by the interaction of the airflow with the gauge body, while steady and
uniform free-stream conditions are imposed. However, wind is turbulent in nature due to the
roughness of the site and the presence of obstacles, therefore precipitation gauges are immersed in a
turbulent flow. Further to the turbulence generated by the flow-gauge interaction, we investigated
the natural free-stream turbulence and its influence on precipitation measurement biases. Realistic
turbulence intensity values at the gauge collector height were derived from 3D sonic anemometer
measurements. Large Eddy Simulations of the turbulent flow around a chimney-shaped gauge
were performed under uniform and turbulent free-stream conditions, using geometrical obstacles
upstream of the gauge to provide the desired turbulence intensity. Catch ratios for dry snow particles
were obtained using a Lagrangian particle tracking model, and the collection efficiency was calculated
based on a suitable particle size distribution. The collection efficiency in turbulent conditions showed
stronger undercatch at the investigated wind velocity and snowfall intensity below 10 mm/h,
demonstrating that adjustment curves based on the simplifying assumption of uniform free-stream
conditions do not accurately portray the wind-induced bias of snow measurements
The role of free-stream turbulence on the collection performance of catching type precipitation gauges
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
