1,720,985 research outputs found
The role of fish bone studies in economic archaeology : with special reference to the Orkney Isles
No full textThe growth of archaeological interest in fishing over the last 100 years, and the development of fish bone studies are outlined. A number of methodological problems of current concern to archaeozoologists are discussed in detail, with particular reference to the study of fish remains excavated from archaeological sites. Attention is given to the effects that sampling and excavation procedures, methods of bone recording and quantification, taphonomic factors and site formation processes (both human and non-human) can have on the interpretation of archaeological fish bone assemblages. Least-cost and risk-minimization models, which have often been used by archaeologists and anthropologists to explain man's use of food resources, are subjected to a critical appraisal. An ethnohistorical study of fishing in 16-19th century Orkney and Shetland is used-to suggest that such models may have only limited value in contributing towards an understanding of fishing in prehistoric and early historic Orkney. While the analysis of fishing in terms of costs, risks and returns can have great heuristic value, it may be unrealistic to measure these factors solely in units of time and energy, when social and cultural factors are also important in shaping fishing activity. Results from the analysis of fish remains from eight sites in Orkney are presented and discussed. An attempt is made to assess the value of each fish bone assemblage in informing about past fishing, taking into account the sampling and retrieval system employed at each site, the effects of differential preservation and other site-formation processes. Information from the ethnohistorical case study is used to interpret variability observed in the archaeological data in terms of past fishing strategies. The importance of the results of the analysis of fish remains from these sites to the archaeology of Orkney as a whole is discussed.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Ethical considerations for using values to manage in the workplace
No full textResearch that focuses on people’s work values generally considers how values are related to affective and behavioural outcomes. Values research often includes how people’s own work values fit with the values of their group, their manager or their organisation. Practitioners often focus on how to influence people’s values in an effort to capture the benefits of linking people’s values with outcomes, or reap the reported advantages of having groups of people with congruent values. A question not often considered is the ethical implications of influencing people’s work values. Values are people’s core beliefs about what is important. They shape their understanding of work and how they interact with other people. In posing this question we consider the impact of trying to shape different people’s values and the impact that this may have on individuals and the community more broadly. We ask the question of what responsibility do employers have in shaping the work values of people who will in all likelihood move through a number of positions in their working life. The paper is structured to consider the issue from the perspective of business ethics and our contemporary understanding of ethical issues currently faced by organisations
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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