14 research outputs found
Studies on South African and New Zealand species of bulbinella using nuclear and chloroplast sequence data
No full textThe genus Bulbinella Kunth consists of geophytes occurring in South Africa and New Zealand and includes a number of beautiful, conspicuous, mostly threatened flowering species. The genus is composed of about 23 species and is taxonomically related to Bulbine Wolf and Kniphofia Moench. There are six species in New Zealand and 17 species in South Africa. The genus represents one of the most understudied genera in South Africa. The species relationships and complexes are poorly understood due to morphological homogeneity and it has been flagged as a priority to study due to its ethnomedicinal value. The aim of this thesis was to establish the first set of DNA sequence data for phylogenetic studies complimenting previous morphological and taxonomic studies because molecular techniques offers increased precision by permitting assessment of additional characters. This was done using a number of conventional phylogenetic genes for plants, as well as following a phylogenomic approach of the chloroplast. In the thesis the taxonomy, morphology and importance of species in Bulbinella were reviewed. The 94 specimens were sampled, of which 86 specimens were in-group and eight outgroup sequences, using either sequences obtained from GenBank or those generated in this study. DNA sequencing of four gene regions (ITS, rbcL, matK and psbA-trnH) was conducted to resolve some of the major questions in the phylogeny of Bulbinella in South Africa and New Zealand. Due to the fact that South African species relationships needed more definition, a subsequent phylogenetic analysis based on 34 protein-coding genes from 16 taxa was done in a phylogenomic approach to improve resolution and give a better understanding of the evolutionary process of Bulbinella. Phylogenies were constructed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) conducted in Garli v2 and Bayesian Inference (BI) using Mr Bayes v3.2, with consensus topologies generated using PHYLIP v3.695. For chloroplast draft genome assembly, the filter reads were processed in a bioinformatics pipeline, annotated and used in phylogenetic analyses. In each of the gene analyses (separate and combined) New Zealand species always grouped on their own but in the overall group of Bulbinella. New Zealand and South African species included distinct, polyphyletic or possible synonymous species. The standard DNA barcode region matK (but not rbcL), were able to distinguish most South African and New Zealand species, but not others. The psbA-trnH spacer and ITS could be used as a supplementary barcode. Based on the genome data, phylogenetic trees confirmed the gene tree results and conclusions but provided greater statistical support and could distinguish between previously indistinguishable species. The results suggested that the following genes can be used or recognized as barcode genes to distinguish Bulbinella species and these are atpA, atpF, atpI, rbcL, ndhI, ndhH, ndhF, rpl2, rpoC, rpoC2, rps15, orf188, rps2, matK, ndhE, ndhG, ccsA, psaC, ycf2, psbA, rpoB and ndhD. The study has established multigene phylogenies for the genus for the first time which will strengthen the taxonomy of the genus, aid identifications for users of the plants for medical applications, the ornamental industry, as well as facilitate biodiversity and conservation efforts to protect the diversity of this genus. However, our results showed that there is a great need for increased sampling and morphological supported studies for these species, while the genes identified in the whole genome sequencing approach will be helpful to support the phylogeny of this genus.National Research Foundatio
Bentuk Penyajian Kesenian Didong Grup Musara Bintang di Desa Linung Bulen II Kecamatan Bintang Kabupaten Aceh Tengah
No full textThis research is entitled "Forms of Presentation of the Didong Arts of the Musara Bintang Group in Linung Bulen II Village, Bintang District, Central Aceh Regency". The author examines the form of presentation of Didong art by the Musara Bintang Group in Linung Bulen II Village, Bintang District, Central Aceh Regency. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach. Data obtained in the field used observation, interview and documentation techniques.The theory used in this research is the presentation theory from Djelantik's theory which states that form is the basic element of manifestation. In the form of presentation, it means that form is a fundamental element of a performance. These elements include artists, musicians, seating formation, movement, songs presented, costumes, performance venue, and audience. Based on the results of research in presentation, Didong art is played by 15 people consisting of: 1 Ceh Apit (Ceh Companion), 1 Main Ceh, and 2 Penepok Pumu and 2 Penepok pillow splits, each of which acts as a pillow act, split pillow , and 9 players who act as penepok/penunung (followers). The Didong art performance consists of 9 stages, for the costumes the players wear black unity t-shirts with the words "Musara Bintang" written on the chest and wear a headband called Jembolang
Botany, Ethnobotanical Uses, Biological and Chemical Properties of Gethyllis afra L. (Amaryllidaceae)
No full textGethyllis afra is an important medicinal plant species in South Africa. The current study critically reviewed the botany, ethnobotanical uses, biological and chemical properties of G. afra. Information on the botany, ethnobotanical uses, biological and chemical properties of G. afra was collected from multiple internet sources which included Scopus, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Science Direct, Web of Science, Pubmed, SciFinder and BMC. Additional information was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as journal articles, scientific reports, books and book chapters obtained from the University library. This study showed that G. afra is mainly used as food, aphrodisiac, and herbal medicine for colic, indigestion, stomach-ache, boils, bruises, insect bites, toothache, convulsions, heart problems and sleeplessness. Major compounds isolated from the fruits of G. afra include ?-pinene, n-butyl n-butyrate, isoamyl acetate, ?-pinene and 2-methylbutyl butyrate. There is need to validate the documented ethnomedicinal uses of G. afra through phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Therefore, future studies should focus on these knowledge gaps particularly evaluating the chemical and biological activities of G. afra crude extracts and compounds isolated from the species
Acaciella angustissima (Mill.) Brit. & Rose: Botanical Features, Distribution, Medicinal and Pharmacological Properties
No full textAcaciella angustissima (Mill.) Brit. & Rose is a multipurpose deciduous thornless shrub or small tree that belongs to the family Fabaceae and subfamily Mimosoideae. This study aimed to explore A. angustissima, a leguminous shrub with medicinal, ecological and industrial potential. A mixed-method approach, which included consolidating quantitative and qualitative research, was utilized to put together the review with the main focus being on sub-Saharan Africa. However, case studies and literature from South Africa were also utilized. A. angustissima is a good source of phenolic compounds. It is used to relieve painful toothache, rheumatism, skin lesions, bloody diarrhea and mucoid diarrhea. It also displays a mild antimicrobial effect and has the ability to inhibit growth in malignant tumors. The study acknowledged Acaciella angustissima as an important agroforestry tree species that improve the quality of life of resource-poor farmers, reducing poverty and promoting sustainability of the natural resources base and economic growt
Typha capensis (Rohrb.) N.E.Br. (Typhaceae): morphology, medicinal uses, biological and chemical properties
No full textTypha capensis (Rohrb.) N.E.Br. is a robust, monoecious, perennial marshy herb that belongs to the family Typhaceae. The current research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the biological and chemical properties, botany and medicinal uses of T. capensis. Comparative analysis of literature showed that T. capensis is a medicinal plant that has multiple benefits such as food for humans, feeds for animals and medicines to treat various diseases. All the parts including the leaves, seeds, rhizomes and pollen can be used in making decoction to improve male potency and libido, cures genital problems, boosts circulation, enhance female fertility, strengthens uterine contraction in childbirth and facilitates placenta removal. It is also used for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, diarrhoea and dysentery venereal diseases. The plant contains several flavones and phenolic compounds which have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity. Scientific studies have shown that T. capensis has a broad range of biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidants, fertility-promoting effect and apoptosis effect. T. capensis should be subjected to comprehensive phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological assessments projected at assessing its efficacy and safety as herbal medicine
Kniphofia foliosa Hochst, (Asphodelaceae): Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties
No full textThis review gives the first comprehensive appraisal of Kniphofia foliosa Hochst, from the plant family Asphodelaceae: its botany, ethnomedicinal (with particular emphasis on the African communities), phytochemistry, and pharmacological potential. Particular emphasis is given to the biological and chemical properties. Peer review and literature search were done by conducting a logical and inclusive review. Indigenous cultures have used the plant among different ethnic groups in tropical Africa for medicinal and other purposes. The chemical compounds that have been isolated from K. foliosa include monomeric anthraquinones such as chrysophanol, islandicin, laccaic acid, aloe-emodin, and aloe-emodin acetate, which contain antileukaemic properties; dimeric anthraquinones such as asphodelin, knipholone, and chryslandicin; phenyl anthraquinones and anthrones, including knipholone anthrone, isoknipholone anthrone, knipholone, phenylanthrone knipholone anthrone and anthraquinone isoknipholone; oxanthrones such as isofoliosone and foliosone; and rare dimeric phenylanthraqunones joziknipholones A and B. The pharmacological studies on K. foliosa exhibited antimalarial, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-HIV-1, and anti-leukotriene activities. From the above, it can be deduced that K. foliosa contains chemical constituents of pharmacological importance, contributing significantly to the development of new medicines
Pharmacological Potential, Botany, Biological and Chemical Properties of Albuca setosa (Asparagaceae) Endemic to Southern Africa
No full textAlbuca setosa is a flowering bulb in the Asparagaceae family, endemic to southern Africa, thrives well on rocky ground, flats and mountain slopes. This review is an appraisal of the current information on A. setosa and a systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic scientific journal articles, books and theses. The bulbous plant is extensively used for medicinal purposes, cultural purposes and to end quarrels between enemies. In the framework of the taxonomic revision of Albuca, a complete description of A. setosa and data on cytology, morphology, ecology and distribution and economic importance are discussed. Pharmacological screening showed that A. setosa possesses some anti-ulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The bulbous plant is used for the treatment of wounds, articulation problems, rheumatoid arthritis, digestive disorder and venereal diseases
Parkia biglobosa (Mimosaceae): Botany, Uses, Phytochemical Properties and Pharmacological Potential
No full textParkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. ex G. Don, popularly known as the African locust bean tree, is a perennial tree legume that belongs to Mimosoïdeae sub-family and family of Fabaceae. This study is aimed at reviewing the botany, nutritional uses, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of P. biglobosa and the information was undertaken using electronic databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Science Direct, Web of Science, Pubmed, SciFinder, BMC and Open-thesis. Parkia biglobosa is a very important multipurpose tree that is used essentially for food, medicinal, cultural, economic and magico-therapeutic purposes. Due to its socio-economic and cultural importance, P. biglobosa species are vulnerable to unsustainable harvesting and are declining in numbers because they remain semi- or undomesticated in some west Africa countries. Different aqueous and organic extracts of P. biglobosa indicate that the species are rich in saponins, tannins, flavonoids, resins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, phenols, sterols, and cardiac glycosides. The nutritional and pharmacological benefits of P. biglobosa has been associated with its physicochemical properties. Pharmacological studies on P. biglobosa exhibited antimalarial, anti-helminthic, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-trypanosomic activities and antioxidant properties. Threats to the survival of this multipurpose species are also highlighted
Review of Botany, Nutritional, Medicinal, Pharmacological Properties and Phytochemical Constituents of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam, (Rhizophoraceae)
No full textBruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam, popularly known as black Mangroves, is an economical and valuable medicinal plant that is commonly found in relatively distinct zones, which are controlled by factors such as salinity, tidal regime, soil type and seed predators.This study is aimed at reviewing the botany, nutritional and medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of B. gymnorhiza. A comprehensive literature search was done using electronic databases including journal articles, books, theses, scientific reports and internet sources.The most widespread direct use of B. gymnorhiza is for wood and other uses include food, medicines, dyes and environmental services. Different compounds such as β-sitosterol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, ursolic acid, stigmasterol, lupeol, taraxerol, bruguierol, oleanolic acid, gymnorhizol, bruguiesulfurol, isobrugierol and ellagic acid have been isolated from B. gymnorhiza. The leaves, dried roots,stem and barks of B. gymnorhiza have shown the presence of flavonoids, phenols, hydroquinones, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, gums, reducing sugars,phenolic compounds, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids and glycosides.These compounds are sterols and have shown high anti-inflammatory activity, antidiabetic, antioxidant and angiogenic effects, inducing apoptosis, hypocholesterolemic activity, anthelminthic and antimutagenic activities. B. gymnorhiza plant extract contains chemical constituents of pharmacological importance, which can play a significant role in the production of pharmaceutical products for future use
