1,720,970 research outputs found
Effet de l’organisation spatiale intra-parcellaire des habitats sur le contrôle biologique par conservation : étude et modélisation des déplacements de dermaptères dans les bananeraies
Full text linkIn this thesis, we investigated whether - and how - the intra-plot spatial patterns of habitats favourable to generalist predators could influence the conservation biological control (CBC) through their foraging behaviour. This work is based on a modelling approach guided by experiments on theearwig E. caraibea, a generalist predator in banana fields of Martinique.In an experiment in banana fields, we found that the abundance and activity of earwigs seemed to be influenced by habitat types: banana tree residues appeared to be particularly more favourable to earwigs than bare soil. We developed a spatially explicit and individual-based model (Foragescape) of the foraging movements of an earwig-like predator in a banana field - based on the favourable or unfavourable nature of habitats. We found that the per-capita predator effect was strongly affected by the spatial dilution of predators, induced by favourable habitats addition, but this negative effect could be partially or fully mitigated by their spatial organisation.A key hypothesis of the Foragescape model was found on earwigs in a mesocosm experiment: earwig’s movements are slower and more sinuous on residues, a rather favourable habitat, than on bare soil, a rather unfavourable habitat. Therefore, the model's predictions on spatial organisation and CBC can to some extent be adapted to the earwigs in banana fields.Dans cette thèse, nous avons cherché à savoir si, et comment, l’organisation spatiale intra-parcellaire des habitats favorables aux prédateurs généralistes pouvait influencer le contrôle biologique par conservation (CBC) via leur comportement de prospection. Ce travail s’appuie sur une démarche de modélisation guidée par des expérimentations sur le dermaptère E. caraibea, prédateur généraliste des bananeraies de la Martinique.Dans une expérience au sein de bananeraies de la Martinique, nous avons constaté que l’abondance et l’activité des dermaptères semblaient dépendre fortement des types d’habitats : les résidus de bananiers apparaissant particulièrement plus favorables aux dermaptères que le sol nu.Nous avons développé un modèle individu centré et spatialement explicite (Foragescape) du déplacement de prospection d’un prédateur type (inspiré d’E. caraibea) dans les bananeraies, basé sur le caractère favorable ou défavorable des habitats. Le modèle prédit que l’efficacité per capita des prédateurs pour le CBC peut être fortement affectée par la dilution spatiale des prédateurs, causée par l’addition d’habitats favorables, mais que cet effet pouvait être partiellement ou complètement compensé par leur organisation spatiale.Une hypothèse clef du modèle Foragescape a pu être retrouvée dans une expérience en mésocosme expérimental : les déplacements des dermaptères sont plus lents et sinueux sur les résidus, un habitat plutôt favorable, que sur le sol nu, plutôt défavorable. On peut donc, dans une certaine mesure, étendre les prédictions du modèle sur l’organisation spatiale et le CBC aux dermaptères dans les bananeraies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Video monitoring data of earwigs Euborellia caraibea on residues and bare soil microcosms
No full textThe two sets of data are related to the paper “Assessing the effect of complex ground types on ground-dwelling arthropod movements with video monitoring: dealing with concealed movements under a layer of plant residues”. In this experiment 35 nocturnal earwigs Euborellia caraibea were tracked for a whole night in mesocosms mimicking two banana field ground types, bare soil and banana plant residues. The main data “Traj_net_exp‧csv” gives the trajectories information of earwigs extracted from videos with Image J software and cleaned with R (section 2.4). The trajectories are defined as a time series of locations of one individual (= points), and each point is characterised by its coordinates and time. Points were grouped into a given trajectory if separated by less than a time gap tg and a distance gap dg (here dg = 50 pixels, i‧e., ≃ 4.3 cm and tg = 10 s). Each line represents a point on a trajectory for an individual on a ground type (bare soil or residues), characterized by its coordinates (x,y), a time and a trajectory identification. The metadata of this data set is given in “Traj_net_Meta_exp‧csv”. The data “Info_Ind_exp‧csv” gives information on each individual, such as his sex or the time individual spent in lab before experiment. The metadata of this data set is given in “Info_Ind_meta‧csv”
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