1,721,047 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
A influência da utilização de um exoesqueleto passivo nos fatores de risco de lesões musculoesqueléticas durante tarefas industriais
Get PDFDissertação de mestrado em Engenharia HumanaNas sociedades industrializadas os problemas musculoesqueléticos têm aumentado
progressivamente. De maneira a diminuir a incidência desta problemática têm surgido
dispositivos auxiliares denominados de exoesqueletos. Neste âmbito, estudos prévios têm
avaliado a influência dos exoesqueletos nos fatores de risco de Lesões Musculoesqueléticas
Relacionadas com o Trabalho (LMERT). Contudo, grande parte desses avaliam estes
equipamentos em tarefas simuladas em laboratório, existindo por isso alguma controvérsia
relativamente ao seu uso em contextos reais de trabalho. Pelo exposto, o objetivo central
desta dissertação é avaliar a influência de um exoesqueleto passivo nos fatores de risco de
LMERT em tarefas industriais de flexão de tronco, numa indústria de fabricação de mobiliário
em Portugal. Com esse propósito, recolheram-se dados qualitativos e quantitativos
designadamente, psicofísicos, de avaliação postural, e eletromiográficos antes e durante a
utilização de um exoesqueleto passivo de suporte lombar. Os resultados do estudo psicofísico
sugerem que os trabalhadores ao utilizarem o exoesqueleto, apesar de considerarem que o
equipamento reduz a força exercida pelas costas, os influencia negativamente na realização
das tarefas. Estes sentem também desconforto na região do pescoço, ombros, região torácica,
ancas e coxas. Os resultados de avaliação postural, obtidos através da técnica Rapid Entire
Body Assessment (REBA), demostram que, de uma maneira geral, o nível de risco de LMERT
se mantém com a utilização do exoesqueleto, comparativamente à realização da mesma
tarefa sem a utilização do mesmo. Por fim, os resultados eletromiográficos demostram que
com a utilização do exoesqueleto existe uma diminuição da atividade muscular entre 0,8% a
3,8% dos músculos das costas. Globalmente, os resultados obtidos apontam para que a
utilização do exoesqueleto passivo usado neste estudo não diminuiu significativamente a
exposição ao risco de LMERT. Contudo, também não se encontraram resultados que atestam
o oposto. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que este exoesqueleto não é particularmente útil nas
tarefas industriais testadas, uma vez que existe a alternância postural em ciclos curtos.
Verificou-se também que para estas tarefas o exoesqueleto interfere na sua realização devido
ao choque das hastes do equipamento em certos locais do posto de trabalho. Assim, a
utilização deste equipamento deve ser orientada para contextos industriais em que as tarefas
exijam a manutenção e/ou a repetição da flexão sagital do tronco, sem a realização de outros
movimentos, como a rotação ou a inclinação lateral.The number of cases of musculoskeletal disorders has been progressively increasing
specifically in industrialized societies. In order to reduce the incidence of musculoskeletal
disorders, new auxiliary devices called exoskeletons have been introduced. Several studies
have attempted to evaluate the impact of exoskeletons on Work-Related Musculoskeletal
Disorders (WMSD) risk factors. However, most of these studies evaluated this type of
equipment in simulated tasks set in a laboratory. Therefore, there is still some controversy
regarding the use in real work context. With this dissertation, we aim to assess the effect of a
passive exoskeleton on WMSDs risk factors in industrial trunk bending tasks in a furniture
manufacturing industry in Portugal. For this purpose, qualitative and quantitative data were
collected - namely psychophysical, postural assessment, and electromyographic data before
and during the use of a passive back support exoskeleton. The psychophysical results suggest
that workers wearing the exoskeleton, it negatively influences during the tasks, even though
workers considered that the equipment reduced the strain on their backs. Moreover, workers
reported they felt discomfort in the neck, shoulders, thoracic, hip and thigh regions. Overall,
the results of postural assessment, obtained through the Rapid Entire Body Assessment
technique (REBA), showed that the WMSD risk level remains with the use of the exoskeleton
compared to performing the same task without using it. Finally, the electromyographic results
demonstrated that with the use of the exoskeleton there is a decrease in muscle activity
between 0.8% and 3.8% of the back muscles. Globally, the results showed that the use of
passive exoskeletons does not significantly decrease exposure to the WMSD risk. Although
were not found results that prove the opposite. In conclusion, the exoskeleton used in this
study is not particularly useful in the assessed industrial tasks since there is alternation of
postures in short cycles. Moreover, for these tasks, the exoskeleton interferes with the
accomplishment of it due to the contact/shock of the equipment bars with certain workstation
locations. Thus, the use of this equipment will be more suitable to industrial contexts where
tasks require the maintenance and/or repetition of the sagittal trunk flexion, without
performing other movements, such as rotation or lateral inclination. Thus, it seems that the
use of this equipment will be more suitable for specific tasks where there is trunk flexion for
long periods and/or repetitive flexion without other movements, such as rotation or
inclination of the trunk
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Study of risk factors that influence visual fatigue and musculoskeletal stress in an open office
Get PDFDissertação de mestrado em Human EngineeringWork-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD), affecting tendons, bones, ligaments or vertebral discs, are very common today. Actually, companies opt for open spaces, these are spaces where there are no walls, doors, or workspaces for each employee, they simply bring them all together in the same area, with continuous desks and next to each other.
This study is focused on an open office and aimed to identify and evaluate the main risk factors for musculoskeletal problems and visual stress. First, the place was visited to have a more specific idea of this, then a questionnaire based on the Nordic questionnaire was applied to 20 workers, to which other questions related to demographic data, lighting, visual stress, among others were added.
In order to develop an ergonomic assessment, the Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) was applied, which is a method commonly used to evaluate jobs in offices. In addition, the lighting data were recorded in 35 desks/workplaces, according normative requirements.
From the Nordic questionnaire, the body regions more affected by musculoskeletal pain/discomfort during the last 12 months were the feet (70% of the 20 workers), lumbar (65%), neck (55%) and knees (50%). Considering the ROSA assessment, the final value was 5 points, which indicates that exists a risk for high discomfort and possible occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, these results pointed out the need for further research and modifications to the workplaces.
Relatively to the lighting, the illuminance values obtained are lower than the values recommended by the European Standard – ISO 8995: 2002, justifying the visual complaints reported by some of the workers.
Summarily, this open space needs intervention at the level of lighting, since adequate lighting of the workplace contributes to the safety, well-being and comfort of the employees. At the same time, ergonomic measures (such as occupational gym and physical reorganization of the workplaces) were needed to decrease the musculoskeletal risk. In this domain, the ROSA method is a useful and easy method to assess WMSD risk in offices.As lesões musculoesqueléticas relacionadas com o trabalho (LMERT) que afetam tendões, ossos, ligamentos ou discos vertebrais, são muito comuns hoje em dia. Na atualidade, as empresas optam por open spaces, os quais são espaços onde não há paredes, portas ou espaços de trabalho para cada funcionário, estão estão juntos na mesma área, com mesas contínuas e próximas umas das outras.
Este estudo é focado num open space e tem como objetivo identificar e avaliar os principais fatores de risco para problemas musculoesqueléticos e stress visual. Primeiro, o local foi visitado para se ter uma ideia mais específica e, em seguida, um questionário baseado no questionário nórdico foi aplicado a 20 trabalhadores, aos quais foram adicionadas outras questões relacionadas com dados demográficos, iluminação, stress visual, entre outras.
Para desenvolver uma avaliação ergonómica, foi aplicado o Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA), que é um método comummente usado para avaliar trabalhos em escritórios. Além disso, os dados de iluminação foram registrados em 35 mesas/postos de trabalho, de acordo com os requisitos normativos.
No questionário nórdico, as regiões corporais mais afetadas pela dor/desconforto musculoesquelético nos últimos 12 meses foram os pés (70% dos 20 trabalhadores), a região lombar (65%), o pescoço (55%) e os joelhos (50%). Considerando a avaliação do ROSA, o valor final foi de 5 pontos, indicando que existe risco de alto desconforto e possível ocorrência de problemas musculoesqueléticos. Portanto, esses resultados apontaram a necessidade de mais investigação e modificações nos postos de trabalho.
Em relação à iluminação, os valores de iluminância obtidos são inferiores aos recomendados pela Norma Europeia - ISO 8995: 2002, justificando as queixas visuais relatadas por alguns trabalhadores.
Resumidamente, este open office precisa de intervenção ao nível da iluminação, pois a iluminação adequada do local de trabalho contribui para a segurança, o bem-estar e o conforto dos funcionários. Ao mesmo tempo, medidas ergonómicas (como ginástica laboral e reorganização física dos locais de trabalho) são necessárias para diminuir o risco musculoesquelético. Neste domínio, o método ROSA é um método útil e fácil para avaliar o risco de LMERT nos escritórios
Aplicação combinada de ferramentas Lean e de Ergonomia na melhoria do desempenho dos postos de trabalho numa empresa de capas de assentos para a indústria automóvel
Get PDFDissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia e Gestão IndustrialA presente dissertação foi realizada no âmbito do projeto de conclusão do Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial e foi desenvolvida numa empresa produtora de capas de assentos para a indústria automóvel. O principal objetivo desta dissertação foi a melhoria do desempenho dos postos de trabalho, recorrendo à aplicação combinada de ferramentas Lean Production e de Ergonomia.
A metodologia de investigação utilizada foi a Action Research. Numa fase inicial foi realizada uma descrição e análise crítica do processo produtivo, com a aplicação de ferramentas de diagnóstico como o método Ergonomic Workplace Analysis (EWA), a realização de um estudo de tempos e a análise de indicadores de desempenho. Estas análises, juntamente com os problemas detetados no dia-a-dia no chão de fábrica permitiram a identificação de problemas como balanceamentos desequilibrados, ineficiência do abastecimento de pequenos materiais e elevados tempos de espera e movimentações. Para além disto, através da aplicação de métodos de avaliação ergonómica, como o Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), tornou-se possível identificar postos de trabalho suscetíveis a lesões musculoesqueléticas relacionadas com o trabalho (LMERT).
De seguida, foram apresentadas propostas de melhoria com o objetivo de minimizar os desperdícios verificados nas diferentes secções da empresa. Foram implementados novos balanceamentos e reconfigurados os layouts das células e foram introduzidos bordos de linha. Para o funcionamento dos bordos de linha, tornou-se imperativo delinear como seria realizado o reabastecimento dos componentes, optando-se por adotar o sistema de duas caixas. Procedeu-se ainda à reorganização do armazém dos pequenos materiais, com a aplicação da técnica 5S. Por fim, foi reconfigurado o layout do pavilhão de corte de couro e criada uma ferramenta de controlo dos indicadores de qualidade.
A implementação destas ações permitiu aumentar os níveis de produtividade no setor de costura, sendo que numa das células aumentou 33% e na outra 31%, num período de cinco semanas. Com a introdução dos bordos de linha na célula piloto verificou-se uma melhoria na avaliação RULA de 7 para 3 valores e reduziu-se o stock de pequenos materiais em 50%. Paralelamente, a alteração do layout de corte de couro aumentou a área disponível para o processo de costura em 420m2 e permitiu reduzir a distância percorrida pelas peças NOK em 90%. A monitorização dos indicadores de qualidade nas operações auxiliares possibilitou a identificação de medidas corretivas que reduziu em 46% o número de defeitos.This dissertation was written under the context of the Integrated Master in Industrial Engineering and Management conclusion project and was developed in a seat covers producing enterprise for the automobile industry. The main aim of this dissertation was the improvement of work posts performance, recurring to the combined application of Lean Production tools and Ergonomics.
The investigation methodology used was the Action Research. In an initial phase a description and critical analysis of the productive process was executed, applying diagnostic tools such as EWA method, and additionally a study of times and a performance indicators analysis was executed too. These analyses, along with the detected day-to-day problems on the shop floor allowed the identification of problems such as maladjusted cell balances, small materials inefficient supplying and long waiting times and movements. In addition to this, through the application of ergonomic assessment methods such as RULA method, it was possible to identify workers susceptible to work-related musculoskeletal injuries.
Next, proposals of improvement were presented with the purpose of minimizing waste found on the different factory sections. New cell balancing was implemented and cells layouts were reconfigured, such as border lines were introduced. To the functioning of border lines, it was imperative to delineate how replenishment of the components would be executed, choosing to adopt the two bins system. Furthermore, the small materials storage reorganization was done applying the 5S technic. At last, the leather cutting section was reorganized and a quality indicators control tool was created.
The implementation of this actions allowed the sewing sector’s productivity levels to increase, being that one of the cells increased to 33% and another to 31% in a period of five weeks. With the introduction of border lines in the pilot cell, an improvement of the RULA evaluation from 7 to 3 points was verified and the stock of small materials was shortened in 50%. Along with the former, the alteration of the leather cut layout enlarged the available area for the sewing process in 420m2 and allowed the reduction of the NOK pieces’ covered distance by 90%. The monitoring of the auxiliary operations’ quality indicators made it possible to identify the corrective measurements that reduced the number of defects by 46%
- …
