1,720,962 research outputs found
Caging the seas: cetacean capture and display at Marineland of the Pacific, 1954-1967
No full textThis thesis examines the early years of marine mammal captivity at Marineland of the Pacific
and its impacts on the oceanarium industry, cetacean science, and public perceptions of whales.
Opening in 1954, Marineland was the first oceanarium on the Pacific coast of North America,
the largest oceanarium in the world, and the lead institution in cetacean capture, entertainment,
and marine mammal research. In 1957, Marineland captured and displayed the first pilot whale,
“Bubbles,” and ignited the whale capture industry that still exists sixty years later. Although
often overlooked in scholarly work, Marineland developed innovative capture and display
techniques while expanding animal husbandry knowledge. The park also revolutionized the
marine mammalogy field by providing unprecedented opportunities for scientists to closely
observe, study, and interact with live whales. Furthermore, Marineland’s capture, display, and
portrayal of pilot whales in popular media generated public empathy toward cetaceans and
transformed public perceptions of the animals. Through examinations of scientific papers,
popular publications, interviews, and the Kenneth S. Norris Papers from the University of
California Santa Cruz, a collection containing Norris’s personal scrapbooks, field notes, and
unpublished research, this thesis will show that Marineland of the Pacific was the crucible of
change for marine entertainment, cetacean research, and public perceptions of whales.Graduate2019-07-2
"We say all the real things. And we believe them": the establishment of the United States Information Agency, 1953
Get PDFAs the world became at once more interconnected and more polarized during the twentieth century, the need for the major powers to effectively communicate their perspective to the rest of the world through propaganda grew stronger. However, although the United States was undeniably gaining prestige and influence by the late 1930s, the upstart global power struggled to implement a lasting and successful propaganda program. In the years immediately preceding the Second World War, when the United States was targeted by both Axis and Soviet propaganda, U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt proved reluctant to implement a peacetime state-sponsored propaganda program. Roosevelt’s successor Harry Truman, on the other hand, did not share this reluctance and throughout the first years of the Cold War sanctioned the establishment of several peacetime programs. However, because of Truman’s lack of understanding of and personal commitment to the use of propaganda, U.S. efforts in this field were uncoordinated, expensive, and largely ineffective. As a result, the highly centralized Soviet propaganda machine constantly tried to divide the United States and its allies and draw more countries into the communist camp.
It was not until Dwight Eisenhower, arguably the first true psychological warrior to become president, took office in 1953 that U.S. Cold War propagandists began to match the efforts of their Soviet counterparts. Eisenhower used his organizational talents and military experiences with psychological warfare to restructure U.S. foreign information services into highly coordinated, cost-effective, and efficient Cold War weapons. With the establishment of the United States Information Agency in October 1953, the United States gained more control of its image abroad, casting both U.S. domestic and foreign policies in as favourable a light as possible while simultaneously condemning communists as disingenuous, autocratic imperialists.
While U.S. officials struggled to implement effective psychological warfare programs, they were inevitably forced to confront difficult questions concerning the role of propaganda in a democratic society. Whereas a majority of Americans in the interwar period regarded propaganda as anathema, and a tool to which only fascists and communists resorted, by the time Eisenhower took office a growing number of officials had concluded that the stakes in the Cold War were simply too high to leave anything to chance. As a result, these officials argued, it was imperative that the U.S. government target not only international, but also domestic audiences with state-sponsored propaganda in order to ‘educate’ the public on U.S. Cold War objectives and the perils of communism.Graduat
Panamanian Politics and Panama’s Relationship with the United States Leading up To the Hull-Alfaro Treaty
Get PDFThis thesis explains the origins of the 1936 Hull-Alfaro Treaty between Panama and the United States. It examines how Panamanian politics and Panama’s relationship with the United States changed over the decades leading up to this new treaty. The Panama Railway and then the Panama Canal placed Panama in a unique position within the growing American Empire as the isthmus linked the United States to the resources it needed to fuel its domestic industry and to markets for its manufactured goods. Recurrent political unrest and economic challenges within Panama forced the Panamanian government to attempt to renegotiate its relationship with the United States. This work analyzes the changes within Panamanian society, United States foreign relations, and world affairs that led to the 1936 treaty succeeding where other treaty negotiations had [email protected]
"They are a scum community who have organized:" The Georgia Straight, freedom of expression, and Tom Campbell’s war on the counterculture, 1967 – 1972
No full textThe 1960s have a special place in the cultural memory of the West Coast of Canada. They have informed its regional identity, the cityscape of Vancouver, and the social infrastructure of the modern state. But lost in the mythos that has surrounded Vancouver’s long sixties is the story of the Georgia Straight. Founded by a group of poets in 1967 to combat a campaign launched by the municipal government to discriminate against the counterculture, it is today, in 2018, the most prosecuted newspaper in Canadian history. Between 1967 and 1972, the municipal and provincial government deliberately took advantage of the legal justice system to censor an outlet for dissent, with the end goal of inhibiting it from publishing. This thesis challenges popular conceptions of the 1960s in British Columbia’s popular memory by demonstrating the extent to which the state deliberately censored freedom of expression by attempting to silence an outlet for dissent, and highlights how the municipal and provincial government infringed on the civil liberties of Vancouver’s counterculture community, in one instance in August 1971, threatening it with outright violence.Graduat
Remembering "the American Island of Oahu": Hawai'i under military rule, 1941-1945
Get PDFThis thesis traces the origins of a colonized and militarized Hawai`i, ultimately leading to the years of military rule, 1941-1945. It examines the ways in which the Hawaiian Islands differed from the United States mainland prior to and throughout the war years, and demonstrates that Hawai`i's history is much richer than the "Remember Pearl Harbor" framework acknowledges. Focusing on long time residents (Islanders or locals), rather than on the large population of migrant Americans also in the archipelago during the war, it addresses ways in which military rule controlled and Americanized the people of Hawai`i. Finally, it illuminates the ways in which local stories challenge national ones: How were America and Hawai`i different places in 1941?Graduat
Turning the tide: clams and colonialism in the Salish Sea, 1925-1994
No full textFeaturing an ethnohistory of two Coast Salish communities — the Suquamish Tribe in Washington State and the W̱SÁNEĆ Nation in British Columbia — this dissertation is a transborder study of Indigenous shellfish harvesting and foreshore rights in the Salish Sea across the twentieth century. It explores the history of the interface between land and sea within the context of treaty rights to resources and Indigenous nations’ sovereignty over marine habitats. This study also turns the ethnographic lens on the settler population. Using tools offered by recent scholarship on settler colonialism, it helps explain why the general public has resisted treaty and Aboriginal rights to fisheries and other resources.
This dissertation also reveals Coast Salish nations’ responses to settler encroachment of their foreshores and state disruption of their management of the marine environment throughout the twentieth century and offers two community studies to illustrate how local Indigenous communities have re-shaped relationships between Indigenous peoples and settlers on the Salish Sea. The first study examines Suquamish’s right to shellfish under the Point Elliott Treaty and affirmed by the 1994 Rafeedie decision, as well as the interrelated 1980s tidelands case for ownership of the beaches attached to the Port Madison Reservation. The second examines W̱SÁNEĆ people’s defense of Saanichton Bay from a marina development, when the SȾÁ,UTW̱ (Tsawout) community wielded its Douglas Treaty rights in Claxton v. Saanichton Marina, 1987. Utilising Karl Jacoby’s concept of a “moral ecology,” this study argues that by ignoring Indigenous Knowledge regarding marine resource management, and by creating an overly complex regulatory scheme guided by principles of capitalism, settler officials on both sides of the border missed opportunities to avoid some of the greatest challenges to marine health and resource survival in the Salish Sea.Graduate2024-04-1
"Fishing on porpoise:" the origins, struggles, and successes of the tuna-porpoise controversy
Get PDFSince the 1950s, more than 6 million dolphins have died as by-catch in the American yellowfin tuna fishery. These deaths were not caused by accidental incidents between fishermen and dolphins but resulted from a method of fishing that purposefully targeted these animals in order to catch yellowfin tuna. Referred to as “fishing on porpoise,” this technique remained an industry secret for decades. By the early 1970s, however, dolphin by-catch had become a major environmental issue in the United States, thanks to the work of William F. Perrin. In the following years, politicians, scientists, environmentalists, and members of the tuna industry struggled with how best to resolve the problem. While the debates that arose from the “tuna-porpoise controversy” helped to dramatically reduce dolphin by-catch, these solutions did not come easily. This thesis looks to bring this forgotten moment in American environmental history to the historical forefront by exploring the origins and early years of the tuna-porpoise controversy. By examining this period, this thesis will show why fishermen first used dolphins to catch tuna in the 1950s, how and why dolphin by-catch became such a major environmental issue in the 1970s, and what various groups and individuals did to ameliorate the problem during the period.Graduat
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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