1,720,953 research outputs found
Stress in college life: Toward an understanding of test-anxiety, academic performance, and brief mindfulness meditation
Get PDF15–40% of college students experience test-anxiety (Hill & Wigfield, 1984), a distressing emotional state characterized by cognitive, behavioural, and physiological responses elicited by a testing situation (Zeidner, 1998). Previous work suggests that high test-anxiety can impair test performance and academic achievement (e.g., Cizek & Burg, 2006). State-level test-anxiety can not only impair the cognitive processes required to perform well on tests (e.g., attention; Spielberger, et al.,1 978), but can produce mind-wandering (Zeidan, et al., 2010) which can result in learning and memory impairments (Mrazek et al., 2013), poor test performance, and hampered academic achievement (Ng, Koh and Chia, 2003). Mindfulness-based interventions have gained popularity as suitable stress management options in campus settings. MM programs have typically ranged between eight to ten weeks (MBSR; Kabat-Zinn, 1982), though recent research has examined briefer formats. Mindfulness meditation (MM) refers to the cultivation of nonjudgmental, moment-to-moment awareness. Previous work suggests that brief MM can reduce test-anxiety (e.g., Cho, Ryu, Noh, & Lee, 2016), improve cognitive functioning (e.g., Zeidan et al., 2010), and enhance academic performance by enhancing working memory, inhibiting task irrelevant thoughts, and promoting attentional stability and self-regulation (e.g., Calma-Birling & Gurung, 2017; Moore & Malinowski, 2009). Hypotheses: State-anxiety levels will be lower in the brief mindfulness meditation group than the control group. Those who engage in brief MM will score higher on an academic performance test than those in the control group. Results: As expected, an independent-samples t-test using difference scores indicated that the MM group (M=-14.41, SD= 12.95) had greater anxiety reduction than the control group (M=-2.45, SD=12.49), t (46) = -3.35, p = .002, d=0.94), such that state-anxiety levels were significantly lower in the MM group. Differences in academic performance scores for the brief MM and control group were not significant, t(45) =-.617, p = .540, d=0.22, with means (SD) of 11.13 (3.10) and 11.70 (3.30), respectively. A series of two-way ANOVA’s revealed that gender and prior meditation experience had no effect on anxiety reduction in the MM group.Not peer reviewedStudent Research Day Poster (2019
Stress in Post-Secondary: Toward an Understanding of Test-Anxiety, Cognitive Performance, and Brief Mindfulness Meditation
Get PDFPremised on cultivating present-moment awareness, mindfulness meditation (MM) programs have been shown to significantly reduce state-anxiety and improve cognitive performance in post-secondary students. With increasing popularity, briefer MM formats have been introduced to post-secondary institutions to combat the rising prevalence of student test-anxiety. However, research examining the efficacy of brief MM on a state-level test-anxiety response and its ability to improve cognitive performance in a testing situation is sparse. The present study examined the immediate effects of brief MM on state test-anxiety and cognitive performance. A sample of 50 undergraduate college students (N = 50) were randomly assigned to a brief MM or a control activity. In the current study, it was hypothesized that there would be lower state test-anxiety levels and higher cognitive performance in the brief MM group than the control group. Results revealed that the brief MM group had greater state test-anxiety reduction than the control group at post-treatment. Consistent with previous work, brief MM, however, did not promote any specific short-term benefits for cognitive performance. Our findings, however, converge with past research to suggest that brief MM may produce immediate, short-term state test-anxiety relief. Immediate anxiety relief may be beneficial for students during stressful academic periods
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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