340 research outputs found
A Coordinated EV Charging Scheduling Containing PV System
No full textThe two main reasons for the increase in carbon emissions are the use of fossil fuel resources in the transportation and energy sector. It is possible to reduce these emissions significantly by expanding Electric Vehicles (EVs) in the transportation sector and renewable energy sources (RES) in electric power generation. While the adoption of EVs is still struggling for various reasons, such as battery costs and reduced range, rising fuel prices combined with government policy sanctions and incentives are increasing the need for EVs. The increased penetration of EVs on the grid is likely to pose a very complex operational problem. Therefore, this penetration can result in overloading of the infrastructure equipment in the distribution system and a power outage. This study focuses on the coordinated charge scheduling for EVs with a photovoltaic (PV) system as one of the Renewable energy sources for seamless integration of EVs into the grid. In this paper, charge scheduling of EVs has been made by considering the EV battery state of energy (SoE) value. Mixed Integer Linear programming (MILP) technique is used for the charge scheduling model of EVs. Thus, the charge scheduling of EVs is made within the allowable limits in the grid. It is also a systematic reference work in the proposed approach because of the load balancing of the EVs with the power supplied from the PV system. © 2022, ilhami Colak. All rights reserved
Photovoltaic System Efficiency Enhancement With Thermal Management: Phase Changing Materials (pcm) With High Conductivity Inserts
No full textThe electrical conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells from solar radiation heavily depends on the cell temperature. Here we propose a novel thermal management strategy to keep the cell temperature in the same order to attain maximum efficiency. The comparative study presented is based on four solar module configurations: a conventional photovoltaic module (PVT module), a conventional module with PCM layer underneath (PVT/PCM-I), a configuration where fins embedded into PCM (PVT/PCM-II), and configuration where the bottom of the PCM layer in PVT/PCM-II was cooled via convection (PVT/PCM-III). The developed 3D numerical model is solved via ANSYS software involving the solar ray tracing radiation model for incident solar radiations and a transient melting-solidification thermo-fluid model to cater for PCM phase transition. Results from the numerical model were validated via a comparison of experimentally studied results presented in the literature. After 120 minutes, results show that the conversion efficiency of PV cells becomes 16.84%, 18.65%, 18.83%, and 18.98% after 120 minutes for PVT module, PVT/PCM-I, PVT/PCM-II, and PVT/PCM-III with an inlet velocity of 3m/s, respectively. For the respective configurations, the specific electrical power per unit area produced reaches 75.30W/m2, 83.39W/m2, 84.19W/m2, and 89.42W/m2 for solar radiation of 540W/m2 and 26°C ambient temperature. Results reveal that a 5 mm increase in the fin height for PVT/PCM-II results in a 0.22% increase in efficiency while a 0.5m/s increase in the inlet velocity of the cooling air for PVT/PCM-III results in about 0.06% increase in efficiency. © 2021, ilhami Colak. All rights reserved
Electric Wheel Hub Motor for Aircraft Application
No full textThe German Aerospace Centre has dealt with the question of whether it is possible to tax a passenger aircraft without emissions on the taxiing field. The Institute of Vehicle Concepts has designed and built a prototype of an electric
wheel hub motor to use it in the research aircraft Airbus A320 of the German Aerospace Centre. Special requirements to the
motor are the torque for break away operation, the static load and the possibility to switch two gear ratios. The project was a part of an overall research project for the integration of fuel cells in aircrafts to reduce fuel consumption and air pollution. A positive side effect is the reduction of the ground-based transport vehicles traffic and thus a reduction in the risk of accidents. The paper describes the development of the electric wheel hub motor
İlhami Safa’s life, literary personality and educational issues in his works
No full textÖZETİlhami Safa polisiye türündeki eserleriyle Türk edebiyatına katkıda bulunmuşgazeteci yazardır. “Server Bedi” müstear ismini oluşturan ve bu ismi gazeteyazılarında ilk kullanan kişidir. Yeni Sabah gazetesinin kurucu ortağıdır, aynı zamandaHafta ve Kültür Haftası dergilerini yayımlayan isimdir. İlhami Safa’nın romanlarınınyedi tanesi 1944-1945 yıllarında İstanbul Maarif Kitaphanesi tarafındanyayımlanmıştır. Yazar, bu romanların dördünde “Behçet Safa” müstear ismini, üçtanesinde ise kendi adını kullanmıştır.İlhami Safa’nın hayatı, edebî kişiliği ve eserleri hakkında bilgi vermek,romanlarındaki eğitsel unsurları incelemek ve açıklamak bu çalışmanın amacıdır.Literatür taramasına dayalı, ilişkisel tarama modelinde ele alınan çalışmada İlhamiSafa’nın yaşamı, gazeteciliği, dergiciliği, çevirmenliği, eserleri ve eserlerinde eğitimeve eğitimli insana bakış açısı konu edilmiştir. Çalışmada nitel yöntemler ile betimselanaliz ve içerik analizi teknikleri kullanılmıştır. İlhami Safa’nın romanları temin edilipbu eserler ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak doküman taramayönteminden faydalanılmıştır.İlhami Safa’nın akademik çevrelere tanıtılması, hayatı hakkındaki bilgilerinortaya çıkarılması, eserlerinin ayrıntılı olarak incelenmesi Türk edebiyatı adına önemarz etmektedir ve bu alandaki eksikliği gidereceği düşünülmektedir. Çalışma, İlhamiSafa ile ilgili akademik çalışmaların ilki olduğundan konuyla ilgili yapılacakaraştırmalara kaynak teşkil etmesi öngörülmektedir. İlgili alanlarda yüksek lisans yada doktora çalışması yapan öğrenciler, tez çalışması sonucunda elde edilen verilerdenfaydalanabilecek ve bu sayede yeni araştırmalar oluşturabilecektir. Tez sonuçlarının,Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı ile Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığınca kullanılmasıbeklenmektedir.Çalışmada öncelikle İlhami Safa’nın hayatıyla ilgili bilgiler verilecek, yazarınailesi ve çocukluğundan bahsedilecektir. Daha sonra İlhami Safa’nın gazeteciliği vedergiciliği üzerinde durulacaktır. Yazarın İETT’de neşriyat müdürlüğü yaptığıyıllardan söz edilecek ve ölümü üzerine gazeteci yazarların yazdığı yazılaradeğinilecektir.Çalışmanın son bölümünde; yazarın romanları ve çevirdiği eserler ayrı birbaşlık hâlinde sunulacaktır. Şeytan, Şeytanın Piçi/ Oğlu, Saraylının Kızları, Bir Aşkınİntikamı, Yeşil Babanın Tespihi, Bir Aşkın Peşinde/ Hacı Şakir Ailesinin Esrarı,Semra’nın İki Kocası kitapları, değinilen eğitim meseleleri açısından incelenereksanatçının edebî anlayışına dair belirli bir bakış açısı oluşturulmaya çalışılacaktır.Böylece, İlhami Safa’nın Türk edebiyatı içindeki yeri belirli açılardan ortayakonulacaktır.ABSTRACTİlhami Safa is a journalist and writer who has contributed to Turkish literaturewith his works. He is the first person who created the pseudonym of “Server Bedi” andused this name in newspaper articles. He is the co-founder of the Yeni Sabahnewspaper and he also published Hafta and Kültür Haftası magazines.Seven of Ilhami Safa’s novels published as piecemeal were published by theİstanbul Maarif Bookstore between 1943 and 1945. The author used “Behçet Safa”pseudonym in four of these novels and his name in three of them. This study aims togive information about Ilhami Safa’s life, literary personality, and works, to examineand explain educational elements in his novels.İlhami Safa’s life, journalism, magazine production, translation, and his worksare discussed in the study, which is based on literature review and dealt with in themodel of relational screening. In the study, qualitative methods and descriptiveanalysis, and content analysis techniques were used. Ilhami Safa’s novels providedand these works were examined in detail. Document scanning is used as a datacollection tool.Introducing Ilhami Safa to academia, the discovery of information about hislife, and the detailed examination of his works are important for Turkish literature andit is thought that this will eliminate the deficiency in this field. This study is the first ofthe academic studies related to İlhami Safa, so it is expected to be a source for futureresearch on this subject. The students who do master's or doctoral studies in the relatedfields will be able to benefit from the information obtained from this thesis and theywill be able to make new research. The results of the thesis are expected to be used bythe Ministry of National Education and the Board of Education.Firstly, information about İlhami Safa’s life will be given. The use of theServer Bedi pseudonym will be mentioned. İlhami Safa’s journalism and the magazinewill be focused. The author’s years as publication director of İETT will be mentioned,and the writings of journalists and writers on his death will be mentioned.In the final part of the study, Şeytan, Şeytanın Piçi/ Oğlu, Saraylının Kızları, BirAşkın İntikamı, Yeşil Babanın Tespihi, Bir Aşkın Peşinde/ Hacı Şakir Ailesinin Esrarı,Semra’nın İki Kocası books will be examined in terms of education issues and aspecific perspective on the literary understanding of the artist will be created. Thus,the place of İlhami Safa in Turkish literature will be revealed in certain ways
Mixed-frequency testing of induction machines using inverters
No full textThis work has concentrated on the testing of induction machines to determine their temperature rise at full-load without mechanically coupling to a load machine. The achievements of this work are outlined as follows. 1. Four distinct categories of mixed-frequency test using an inverter have been identified by the author. The simulation results of these tests as well as the conventional 2-supply test have been analysed in detail. 2. Experimental work on mixed-frequency tests has been done on a small (4 kW) squirrel cage induction machine using a voltage source PWM inverter. Two out of the four categories of test suggested have been tested and the temperature rise results were found to be similar to the results of a direct loading test. Further, one of the categories of test proposed has been performed on a 3.3 kW slip-ring induction machine for the conformation of the rotor values. 3. A low current supply mixed-frequency test-rig has been proposed. For this purpose, a resonant bank was connected to the DC link of the inverter in order to maintain the exchange of power between the test machine and the resonant bank instead of between the main supply and the test machine. The resonant bank was then replaced with a special electro-mechanical energy storage unit. The current of the main power supply was then reduced in amplitude. 4. A variable inertia test for full load temperature rise testing of induction machines has been introduced. This test is purely mechanical in nature and does not require any electrical connection of the test machine to any other machine. It has the advantage of drawing very little net power from the supply
Modeling of a smart grid system using real time data on NEPLAN
No full textThe simulation model of the Smart Grids Laboratory of the Institute of Energy and Transport is presented in this paper and a day of its operation is analyzed. The developed model simulates six different modules (a photovoltaic array, a Li-ion battery storage system, a small wind turbine, a diesel generator, a laboratory load and the connection point with the grid). The modules are connected radially at a common bus
Simulation of a-Si PV System Grid Connected by Boost and Inverter
No full textThis paper is about a PV system connected to the electric grid by power electronic converters, using classical PI controller. The modelling for the converters emulates the association of a DC-DC boost with a two-level power inverter (TwLI) or three-level power inverter (ThLI) in order to follow the performance of a testing experimental system. Pulse width modulation (PWMo) by sliding mode control (SMCo) associated with space vector modulation (SVMo) is applied to the boost and the inverter. The PV system is described by the five parameters equivalent circuit. Parameter identification and simulation studies are performed for comparison with the testing experimental system
Electric Mobility in Portugal: Current Situation and Forecasts for Fuel Cell Vehicles
No full textIn recent years, the growing concern for air quality has led to the development of sustainable vehicles to replace conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Currently, the most widespread technology in Europe and Portugal is that of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) or plug‐in HEV (PHEV) electric cars, but hydrogen‐based transport has also shown significant growth in the commercialization of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) and in the development of new infrastructural schemes. In the current panorama of EV, particular attention should be paid to hydrogen technology, i.e., FCEVs, which is potentially a valid alternative to BEVs and can also be hybrid (FCHEV) and plug‐in hybrid (FCPHEV). Several sources cited show a positive trend of hydrogen in the transport sector, identifying a growing trend in the expansion of hydrogen infrastructure, although at this time, it is still at an early stage of development. At the moment, the cost of building the infrastructure is still high, but on the basis of medium/long‐term scenarios it is clear that investments in hydrogen refueling stations will be profitable if the number of Fuel Cell vehicles increases. Conversely, the Fuel Cell vehicle market is hampered if there is no adequate infrastructure for hydrogen development. The opportunity to use Fuel Cells to store electrical energy is quite fascinating and bypasses some obstacles encountered with BEVs. The advantages are clear, since the charging times are reduced, compared to charging from an electric charging post, and the long‐distance voyage is made easier, as the autonomy is much larger, i.e., the psychosociological anxiety is avoided. Therefore, the first part of the paper provides an overview of the current state of electric mobility in Portugal and the strategies adopted by the country. This is necessary to have a clear vision of how a new technology is accepted by the population and develops on the territory, that is the propensity of citizens to technological change. Subsequently, using current data on EV development and comparing information from recent years, this work aims to investigate the future prospects of FCEVs in Portugal by adopting a dynamic model called SERA (Scenario Evaluation and Regionalization Analysis), with which it is possible to identify the Portuguese districts and cities where an FC charging infrastructure is expected to be most beneficial. From the results obtained, the districts of Lisbon, Porto and Aveiro seem to be the most interested in adopting FC technology. This analysis aims to ensure a measured view of the credible development of this market segment. © 2021 by the author
Design and implementation of a remote access PLC training set
No full textIn this study, PLC training set has been designed and developed. The system supports "hands-on" PLC programming laboratory exercises in industrial automation area for distance education; yet architecture allows clients to access and control the set via the Internet. A Web site has been designed in order to facilitate interactivity and to support PLC programming and control, using ASP.NET. And a client-server software was implemented using the VB.NET. In this proposed architecture, pilot experiment constitutes of Induction Motor, Frequency Converter and Encoder tripart controlled by Siemens Simatic S7-200 PLC controller by the help of SIMATIC Step 7 Programming Software as an example for demonstrating the effectiveness of the set. An IP Camera allows monitoring the devices and pilot application behavior. By working with this novel remote accessible training set, students and researchers not only carty out experiments but also learn how to work on system and program. Moreover, it offers an effective learning environment for distance education, and provides a safe and economical solution for multiple users in a workplace to enhance the quality of education with less overall cost
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