9,660 research outputs found
Impact of the International Coffee Agreement's export quota system on the World's coffee market
No full textEx-post simulations of the global coffee model over the recent period of operation of the International Coffee Agreement's export quota system, (1981-86) show the following. The quota system had a stabilizing effect on world coffee prices in the 1981-85 period. In 1986, when coffee prices increased sharply due to the drought in Brazil and the export quotas were suspended, prices would have been 24 percent higher in the absence of quotas over the 1981-85 period. However, the quotas have reduced export revenues (in real terms), except for such large producers as Brazil and Colombia. These countries gained form the scheme because they face very small or even zero marginal export revenues from increased exports, due to their large market shares. In projections of the coffee market, with and without the export quota system, prices would be substantially lower during the first half of the 1990s if the quota system were suspended in 1990. But prices would recover in the second half of the decade as production and exports declined in lagged response to the very low prices of the first half.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Markets and Market Access,Access to Markets,Crops&Crop Management Systems
Mary Wollstonecraft, Public Reason and the Virtuous Republic
No full textAlthough ‘virtue’ is a complex idea in Wollstonecraft’s work, one of its senses refers to the capacity and willingness to govern one’s own conduct rationally, and to employ this ability in deliberating about matters of public concern. Wollstonecraft understands virtue to be integral to the meaning of freedom rather than as merely instrumentally useful for its preservation. It follows, therefore, that a free republic must be a virtuous one. The first virtue of social institutions, we might say, is ‘virtue’ itself. In a virtuous republic all citizens, from no matter which social group, are able to represent themselves in law and in public debate. This is a demanding condition, requiring not just suitably robust republican institutions but an open and accommodating public culture in which sufficient numbers of citizens are positively engaged in ensuring that the available stock of background ideas and values is representative, diverse and inclusive
Mary Wollstonecraft, Public Reason and the Virtuous Republic
No full textAlthough ‘virtue’ is a complex idea in Wollstonecraft’s work, one of its senses refers to the capacity and willingness to govern one’s own conduct rationally, and to employ this ability in deliberating about matters of public concern. Wollstonecraft understands virtue to be integral to the meaning of freedom rather than as merely instrumentally useful for its preservation. It follows, therefore, that a free republic must be a virtuous one. The first virtue of social institutions, we might say, is ‘virtue’ itself. In a virtuous republic all citizens, from no matter which social group, are able to represent themselves in law and in public debate. This is a demanding condition, requiring not just suitably robust republican institutions but an open and accommodating public culture in which sufficient numbers of citizens are positively engaged in ensuring that the available stock of background ideas and values is representative, diverse and inclusive
Determinants of farmers’ compliance with coffee eco-certification standards in Mt. Kenya region
No full textThis paper sought to investigate determinants of farmers’ compliance with coffee eco-certification standards in Mt. Kenya region. Socio-economic, institutional and farm factors were analyzed and the binary logistic regression model was used to predict factors enhancing compliance. The findings show that perception of benefits, coffee as the main source of income, annual coffee production, and the number of times a farmer sprayed annually; were the main drivers of compliance. The findings point towards a growing concern that certification projects focus on ‘progressive’ farmers rather than seek to uplift and integrate ‘weak’ farmers. This calls for concerted efforts among all key stakeholders to enhance inclusivity and participation.Crop Production/Industries,
Visuaalisen ilmeen suunnittelu kahvipaahtimolle : Stockfors Coffee Roasters
No full textTämän opinnäytetyön aiheena oli visuaalisen ilmeen suunnittelu uudelle kymenlaaksolaiselle pienkahvipaahtimolle, Stockfors Coffee Roastersille. Kyseinen yritys paahtaa ja myy erilaisia erikoiskahveja suoraan kuluttajille sekä muutamien jälleenmyyjien kautta. Varsinaisen työn taustoittamiseksi opinnäytetyössä luodaan katsaus kahviin, kahvin paahtamiseen ja pienkahvipaahtimotoimintaan Suomessa.
Opinnäytetyön teoriaosuudessa tutkitaan yritysilmettä, sen merkitystä yritykselle ja miten onnistunut visuaalinen ilme ylipäätään rakentuu. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa analysoidaan ja vertaillaan muiden saman alan kilpailijoiden yritysilmeitä. Tutkimusta tehtiin hyödyntämällä kvalitatiivisia eli laadullisia tutkimusmenetelmiä.
Produktio-osan tavoitteena oli suunnitella ja toteuttaa toimiva ja kilpailijoista erottuva visuaalinen ilme. Työhön kuuluu yritystunnus, värimaailma, typografia, graafisia elementtejä ja edellä mainitut kokoava graafinen ohjeisto. Stockfors Coffee Roastersilla ei ollut aiempaa kokonaisvaltaista visuaalista ilmettä, mutta sillä oli jo käytössään tunnus.
Opinnäytetyön tuloksena on toimiva ja yhtenäinen yritysilme, joka mahdollistaa kilpailijoista erottumisen. Kokonaisuus sisältää yritystunnuksen, typografian, värimaailman, graafisen ohjeiston ja joitakin sovelluksia, kuten kyltin, käyntikortin ja tuote-etiketin. Yrityksen on tarkoitus hyödyntää uutta visuaalista ilmettä viestinnässään
Espresso coffees, caffeine and chlorogenic acid intake: potential health implications
No full textHPLC analysis of 20 commercial espresso coffees revealed 6-fold differences in caffeine levels, a 17-fold range of caffeoylquinic acid contents, and 4-fold differences in the caffeoylquinic acid:caffeine ratio. These variations reflect differences in batch-to-batch bean composition, possible blending of arabica with robusta beans, as well as roasting and grinding procedures, but the predominant factor is likely to be the amount of beans used in the coffee-making/barista processes. The most caffeine in a single espresso was 322 mg and a further three contained >200 mg, exceeding the 200 mg day−1 upper limit recommended during pregnancy by the UK Food Standards Agency. This snap-shot of high-street expresso coffees suggests the published assumption that a cup of strong coffee contains 50 mg caffeine may be misleading. Consumers at risk of toxicity, including pregnant women, children and those with liver disease, may unknowingly ingest excessive caffeine from a single cup of espresso coffee. As many coffee houses prepare larger volume coffees, such as Latte and Cappuccino, by dilution of a single or double shot of expresso, further study on these products is warranted. New data are needed to provide informative labelling, with attention to bean variety, preparation, and barista methods
Alan Moore Comics as Performance, Fiction as Scalpel
No full textEclectic British author Alan Moore (b. 1953) is one of the most acclaimed and controversial comics writers to emerge since the late 1970s. He has produced a large number of well-regarded comic books and graphic novels while also making occasional forays into music, poetry, performance, and prose. In Alan Moore: Comics as Performance, Fiction as Scalpel , Annalisa Di Liddo argues that Moore employs the comics form to dissect the literary canon, the tradition of comics, contemporary society, and our understanding of history. The book considers Moore's narrative strategies and pinpoints the main thematic threads in his works: the subversion of genre and pulp fiction, the interrogation of superhero tropes, the manipulation of space and time, the uses of magic and mythology, the instability of gender and ethnic identity, and the accumulation of imagery to create satire that comments on politics and art history. Examining Moore's use of comics to scrutinize contemporary culture, Di Liddo analyzes his best-known works-- Swamp Thing, V for Vendetta, Watchmen, From Hell, Promethea , and Lost Girls . The study also highlights Moore?s lesser-known output, such as Halo Jones, Skizz , and Big Numbers , and his prose novel Voice of the Fire. Alan Moore: Comics as Performance, Fiction as Scalpel reveals Moore to be one of the most significant and distinctly postmodern comics creators of the last quarter-century.Intro -- Contents -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 1. Formal Considerations on Alan Moore's Writing -- CHAPTER 2. Chronotopes: Outer Space, the Cityscape, and the Space of Comics -- CHAPTER 3. Moore and the Crisis of English Identity -- CHAPTER 4. Finding a Way into Lost Girls -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- ZEclectic British author Alan Moore (b. 1953) is one of the most acclaimed and controversial comics writers to emerge since the late 1970s. He has produced a large number of well-regarded comic books and graphic novels while also making occasional forays into music, poetry, performance, and prose. In Alan Moore: Comics as Performance, Fiction as Scalpel , Annalisa Di Liddo argues that Moore employs the comics form to dissect the literary canon, the tradition of comics, contemporary society, and our understanding of history. The book considers Moore's narrative strategies and pinpoints the main thematic threads in his works: the subversion of genre and pulp fiction, the interrogation of superhero tropes, the manipulation of space and time, the uses of magic and mythology, the instability of gender and ethnic identity, and the accumulation of imagery to create satire that comments on politics and art history. Examining Moore's use of comics to scrutinize contemporary culture, Di Liddo analyzes his best-known works-- Swamp Thing, V for Vendetta, Watchmen, From Hell, Promethea , and Lost Girls . The study also highlights Moore?s lesser-known output, such as Halo Jones, Skizz , and Big Numbers , and his prose novel Voice of the Fire. Alan Moore: Comics as Performance, Fiction as Scalpel reveals Moore to be one of the most significant and distinctly postmodern comics creators of the last quarter-century.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Citizenship
No full textComprising 38 chapters by a team of international contributors this handbook covers: the background to Wollstonecraft's work, commentary on her major works, the relationship between Wollstonecraft and other major philosophers, her philosophy and the legacies of her work
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