1,297 research outputs found
Introduction
Get PDFThis volume is on the effectiveness of public participation in environmental decision- making. Participation practices are used in many different contexts, and this book relates participation to the context of environmental decision-making. We have interpreted environmental decision-making quite broadly. All types of decisions that have serious environmental implications and that tend to be facilitated by environmental law, or are perceived by citizens as mainly revolving around environmental issues, are included in this volume. Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration 1992 articulates participation in environmental decision-making as one of the key principles of environmental governance.1 This principle is developed in the Aarhus Convention (1998) that includes improving public participation in decisions relating to the environment as one of its three key pillars.2 The importance of public participation for environmental decision-making and sustainable development is recognised by many international organisations (e.g. OAS, 2001; OECD, 2001; EU, 2002a, b; UN, 20023) and national, regional, and local authorities.</p
Conclusions
Get PDFIn this volume we focus on the functional advantages for government of participatory processes for decision-making. These functional advantages are specific promises that participation holds. The key promise of participation in this volume is that it leads to better decisions. The main question this volume seeks to answer is what limits and enables information in public participation to lead to better decisions? All chapters in this volume either focus on the use of a particular participatory method in environmental decision-making or on a particular type of environmental related decision-making using participatory methods. The analyses are used as a basis for a review and assessment of the central theme: the relation between the limitations of participation arrangements and decision quality.</p
Conclusion
Get PDFThis chapter discusses the key question of the volume about how renewable energy communities in continental Europe have evolved, and what can be learned from these experiences for the realisation and implementation of the Clean Energy Package (CEP). It builds on all chapters of the volume in which authors have addressed this question in one way or another. This chapter also addresses the four sub-questions based on the observations introduced in Chap. 1. The transposition of the CEP into national legislation will change many regular and financial-economic conditions in the European Union Member States. However, this volume was published too early to give a final answer to the question on how countries fared in adopting community issues from the CEP into their national legislations and regulatory frameworks. This chapter provides insights in problems that are essential to the survival and upscaling of renewable energy communities that will be addressed by transposing of the CEP into National legislation and also provides insights into problems that will likely remain barriers
Energy Communities Promoting Home Energy Savings: Interventions, Theory and Results
Get PDFNext to encouraging local residents to adopt solar panels or buy wind park shares energy communities have a role in stimulating home energy savings. In this chapter two questions are addressed: (1) How do energy communities encourage their members and others to do this? And (2) To which extent are energy communities effective in doing so? Results show that energy communities - often organized in renewable energy cooperatives (REScoops) - influence local households in three ways: via membership, general engagement activities, or specific dedicated measures. And rarely do energy communities operate alone. They are supported by intermediary agents, and it is not uncommon that they cooperate with local government to co-produce energy saving services. Empirical studies indicate that energy communities are well positioned and fairly capable of encouraging households to save energy—ranging between 4–6 per cent
Introduction
Get PDFThe Introduction chapter positions the goal and central questions of the volume in relevant academic debates surrounding the growing academic domain of community energy. It introduces the concept of ‘energy communities’ against the background of the EU's “Clean energy for all Europeans” package. Four general observations on developments in community energy are made and discussed. The central question in this volume is: How did renewable energy communities in continental Europe evolve, and what can be learned from these experiences for the realization and implementation of the Clean Energy Package? To help answering this question four sub-questions are formulated that are related to the four observations made. These observations are then discussed, more particularly based on revised EU directives, in particular the Renewables Directive and the Electricity Directive, and what they imply for the community energy movement. This forms the basis of the volume
Collaborating Low Cost Micro Aerial Vehicles: A Demonstration
Get PDFIn this paper we demonstrate our Distributed Collaborative Tracking and Mapping (DCTAM) system for collaborative localization and mapping with teams of Micro-Aerial Vehicle’s MAVs. DCTAM uses a distributed architecture which allows us to run both image capture and frame-to-frame tracking on-board the MAV while offloading the more computationally demanding tasks of map creation/refinement to an offboard computer. The low computational cost of the localisation components of our system allow us to run additional software on-board such as an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for full state estimation and a PID-based Position Controller. This allows us to demonstrate complete cooperative autonomous operation
An investigation into the issues of multi-agent data mining
Get PDFMulti-agent systems (MAS) often deal with complex applications that require distributedproblem solving. In many applications the individual and collective behaviourof the agents depends on the observed data from distributed sources. The field of DistributedData Mining (DDM) deals with these challenges in analyzing distributed dataand offers many algorithmic solutions to perform different data analysis and miningoperations in a fundamentally distributed manner that pays careful attention to the resourceconstraints. Since multi-agent systems are often distributed and agents haveproactive and reactive features, combining DM with MAS for data intensive applicationsis therefore appealing.This Chapter discusses a number of research issues concerned with the use ofMulti-Agent Systems for Data Mining (MADM), also known as agent-driven datamining. The Chapter also examines the issues affecting the design and implementationof a generic and extendible agent-based data mining framework. An ExtendibleMulti-Agent Data mining System (EMADS) Framework for integrating distributeddata sources is presented. This framework achieves high-availability and highperformance without compromising the data integrity and security. © 2010 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved
Stonewall Jackson : gudabenådad general
No full textDiscussion of Swedish author Frans G. Bengtsson's classic 1920s essay on Confederate general Thomas Jonathan Jackson
Phonological typology Phonology and phonetics ;, 23./ edited by Larry M. Hyman and Frans Plank.
No full textIn English.Hyman, Larry M. / Plank, Frans -- Hyman, Larry M. -- Plank, Frans -- Kiparsky, Paul -- Maddieson, Ian -- Heinz, Jeffrey -- Brohan, Anthony / Mielke, Jeff -- Lahiri, Aditi -- Dresher, B. Elan / Harvey, Christopher / Oxford, Will -- Broselow, Ellen -- Riad, Tomas -- Gussenhoven, Carlos -- Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface / Contributors -- What is phonological typology? / An implicational universal to defy: typology ³ Ơ phonology a phonology ³ Ơ typology a Ơ (typology ' phonology) a Ơ typology v Ơ phonology / Formal and empirical issues in phonological typology / Is phonological typology possible without (universal) categories? / The computational nature of phonological generalizations / Frequent segmental alternations in P-base 3 / Predicting universal phonological contrasts / Contrastive feature hierarchies as a new lens on typology / Laryngeal contrasts in second language phonology / The phonological typology of North Germanic accent / Prosodic typology meets phonological representations / Subject Index -- Language Index -- Author Index.1 online resourc
Stonewall Jackson : gudabenådad general
No full textDiscussion of Swedish author Frans G. Bengtsson's classic 1920s essay on Confederate general Thomas Jonathan Jackson
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