1,720,954 research outputs found
Evaluate the Efficacy of a Mixture of Peroxyacetic Acid and H2O2 Against the Survival and Cross-Contamination of the Salmonella Surrogate Enterococcus Faecium on Tomatoes during Triple-Wash
Full text linkTriple-wash with a mixture of peroxyacetic acid and H2O2 (SaniDate-5.0) during post-harvest processing of fresh produce has been recommended by West Virginia Small Farm Center to improve microbial safety. It has been well recognized that the washing of produce is more important for preventing cross-contamination than reducing foodborne pathogens. Furthermore, it may help improve public confidence in that the produce they obtain from locally grown farmers is safe for their consumption. determine the efficacy of SaniDate-5.0 for reducing the survival and preventing cross-contamination of the Salmonella surrogate Enterococcus faecium on tomatoes during triple-wash.
E. faecium ATCC-8459 (resistant to 100-ppm nalidixic-acid) was dip-inoculated onto 2-tomatoes and triple-washed with 4-un-inoculated-tomatoes following the procedure of water dip, water dip, and SaniDate-5.0 dip (0, 0.0064, 0.25, and 0.50%) with 45-s of each step. Each tomato was placed into sample bags with 150 ml of sterile tryptic soy broth for 2-min in a stomacher blender. The inoculated surrogate bacteria on tomatoes or in wash-waters were enumerated using a modified MPN-method in 8×6 deep-well micro-plates. The turbidity of each well after incubation (35oC, 24-h) was confirmed by adding 3-μl droplets of the incubated liquid arrayed onto bile esculin agars plus 100-ppm nalidixic-acid. The final MPN values of each treatment were determined by an online MPN-calculator followed by statistical analysis. We found that SaniDate-5.0 concentrations 0.25 and 0.50% prevented cross contamination in tomatoes after a triple wash consisting of water dip + water dip + antimicrobial agent. This study provides evidence that SaniDate-5.0 is an effective antimicrobial agent that could be used by locally small produce growers in triple-wash process to improve microbial safety of locally grown tomatoes
Efficacy of Salmonella Surrogate Enterococcus Faecium in Poultry and Mash Broiler Feed
Full text linkThis dissertation investigates the efficacy of Enterococcus faecium as a surrogate for Salmonella in validating thermal inactivation processes during poultry feed manufacturing and meat processing. The research encompassed three studies evaluating microbial kinetics in mash broiler feed, reconstructed ground chicken, and predictive modeling approaches to improve food safety interventions. In the first study, the thermal resistance of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium and E. faecium was compared in mash broiler feed heated at 75–95°C. Results demonstrated that E. faecium exhibited significantly greater heat resistance than Salmonella, with longer shoulder times, greater tailing effects, and higher D-values, supporting its use as a conservative surrogate for validating feed pelleting processes. The second study examined the effects of temperature and salt concentrations on the thermal inactivation of both microorganisms in reconstructed ground chicken meat. Heating at 62–74°C revealed that increased salt levels enhanced Salmonella’s thermal resistance at lower temperatures but reduced survival at higher temperatures. Across all treatments, E. faecium consistently showed higher resistance, reinforcing its suitability as a surrogate. Machine learning models, including Random Forest and Support Vector Regression, effectively predicted microbial reductions, highlighting temperature and exposure time as the most critical factors influencing inactivation. Collectively, these findings provide robust evidence that E. faecium can serve as a reliable, conservative surrogate for Salmonella in both poultry feed and meat products. The kinetic models and predictive tools developed herein offer the poultry industry practical guidance for designing and validating thermal processing interventions aimed at reducing foodborne pathogen risks and enhancing consumer safety
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
