1,720,960 research outputs found
Forma urbana e sostenibilità. L'esperienza degli ecoquartieri europei
No full textPartendo dall’individuazione delle peculiarità e del portato degli ecoquartieri europei, il volume riflette su quanto agli avanzamenti disciplinari proposti nell’ambito della perfomance dell’edificio e della gestione delle risorse ambientali alla scala dell’insediamento si sia accompagnata una medesima cura per i temi della configurazione dello spazio, puntando a una lettura critica delle “forme urbane sostenibili”
Forma urbana e sostenibilità. Un bilancio sull'esperienza degli ecoquartieri europei
No full textQual è il ruolo della forma urbana nell’agenda della sostenibilità? Cosa ha espresso sul tema la sperimentazione progettuale degli ecoquartieri europei?
A partire da queste domande, la ricerca si propone di indagare quanto fin qui sperimentato da questo speciale punto di vista, con l’obiettivo di individuare linee di ricerca, tendenze, criticità e di tracciare un primo (provvisorio) bilancio.
La ricerca si concentra dunque sull’esperienza degli ecoquartieri realizzati in ambito europeo, una delle risposte che le discipline del progetto hanno messo in campo nel tentativo di ricomporre la frattura tra preservazione delle risorse ambientali e urbanizzazione.
Tredici realizzazioni sono apparse particolarmente significative nello sforzo di declinare la relazione tra uomo e ambiente a una dimensione progettuale ricca di potenzialità a metà tra casa e città. Questi esempi - BedZED (Sutton), Bo01 (Malmö), CasaNova (Bolzano), de Bonne (Grenoble), Eco-Viikki (Helsinki), Ecolonia (Alphen aan den Rijn), Greenwich Millennium Village (Londra), GWL Terrein (Amsterdam), Hammarby Sjöstad (Stoccolma), Kronsberg (Hannover), Rieselfeld (Friburgo), solarCity (Linz-Pichling) e Vauban (Friburgo) - costituiscono un campione efficace nel mostrare tanto l’eterogeneità e la ricchezza di approcci, quanto l’articolazione delle istanze di sostenibilità in un progetto urbano.
Se diversi degli studi condotti su tale tema si sono finora concentrati soprattutto sul portato di novità di questi progetti legato alla gestione delle risorse ambientali, troppo spesso è stata invece persa di vista la parzialità dell’approccio ecologico che, per quanto di evidente e indiscutibile valore, non può affrontare da solo la complessità delle questioni in gioco in un progetto urbano.
La ricerca si propone dunque di ragionare su quanto all’innegabile progresso delle modalità costruttive degli edifici e della gestione dei cicli di risorse alla scala del quartiere, siano corrisposte una profonda riflessione sulle loro implicazioni formali e, più in generale, sul disegno degli insediamenti.
Si intende, inoltre, riflettere - nell’ambito dell’esperienza degli ecoquartieri europei - sui caratteri delle ‘forme urbane sostenibili’ e sul loro portato di novità, o, diversamente, sulla loro affermazione di logiche insediative consolidate.
La ricerca si interroga, infine, su quanto tali forme siano l’esito di una separazione dei saperi disciplinari, che vede da un lato le ragioni della sostenibilità ambientale - maggiormente concentrate sugli oggetti architettonici e la gestione dei cicli di risorse - dall’altro quelle del disegno urbano - orientato verso le relazioni e la tessitura della trama di spazi aperti mediante la disposizione dei volumi edilizi.
L’esplorazione delle modalità di relazione tra sostenibilità ambientale e disegno urbano - volta a coniugare una lettura dei fatti fisici e di quelli formali e relazionali, più difficilmente misurabili - potrebbe infatti consentire l’avvio di nuove riflessioni per le discipline del progetto, sollecitate nella ricerca di un equilibrio tra popolazione, risorse e ambiente.What is the role of urban form in the sustainability agenda? What about this issue in the European econeighborhoods experience?
Starting from these questions, the research aims to investigate what has been experienced by this special point of view, aiming to identify trends, strenghts and weaknesses.
The research focuses on European eco-neighborhoods, one of the answers that the design disciplines put in place to meet the preservation of environmental resources and urbanization.
Thirteen projects seem particularly significant in their effort to build a relationship between man and the environment at a design scale which is especially potential.
These examples are BedZED (Sutton), Bo01 (Malmo), CasaNova (Bolzano), de Bonne (Grenoble), Eco-Viikki (Helsinki), Ecolonia (Alphen aan den Rijn), Greenwich Millennium Village (London), GWL Terrein (Amsterdam), Hammarby Sjöstad (Stockholm), Kronsberg (Hannover), Rieselfeld (Freiburg), solarCity (Linz-Pichling) and Vauban (Freiburg).
They are able to show the richness of many different approaches, as well as the way the instances of sustainability are met in a neighbourhood project.
Several studies focused on this issue, but they mainly explored the novelty of these projects highlighting their capability to manage the environmental resources. However, too often they didn’t take into account the partiality of the ecological approach. Although it is obviously an unquestionable value, the ecological approach is not able by itself to face the complexity of the issues involved in urban design.
Therefore, the research aims to consider whether the undeniable progress in the building construction and in the environmental resources management at the neighbourhood scale, matched a profound reflection on urban morphologies.
Starting from the European econeighbourhoods experience, the research also focuses on these 'sustainable urban forms' and on their novelty, or, otherwise, on their confirmation of traditional way of settlements.
Finally, the research aims to consider how much these urban forms are the result of a separation between the issues of environmental sustainability - mainly focused on buildings and environmental resources - and the ones of urban design - which is oriented to relations and to the creation of open spaces through the arrangement of buildings.
The exploration of the relationship between environmental sustainability and urban design - which aims at combining a comprehension of physical facts and of the formal and relational ones, much more difficult to measure - could start a useful reflection to the design disciplines in their challenging research for a balance between population and the environment.DIPARTIMENTO DI ARCHITETTURA E STUDI URBANIArchitecture, Housing, Territory, Conservation27FOLLI, MARIA GRAZI
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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